Visiting Scholar in Copenhagen Part 2: Impressions of Life

 By Richard B. Primack

 

“Only that traveling is good which reveals to me the value of home and enables me to enjoy it better.” Henry David Thoreau in his Journal.

 

During my time as Visiting Scholar at the University of Copenhagen, there were some particular features of life that struck me as noteworthy.

 

Photo 1: Around 60% of Copenhagen residents use bicycles as their main means of transportation.

 

Photo 2: Bikes specially designed to carry children are a common sight. 

 

Photo 3: Street life in Copenhagen is especially vibrant, with lots of people in the street and at cafes, especially when it is sunny. 

 

Photo 4: Potted trees and other plants are left out throughout the year to beautify city sidewalks.

  

Photo 5: While working at the museum, I discovered that every day a variety of fruits are provided for free for people who work there. 

 

Photo 6: Danes have a special love for open-faced sandwiches, which almost reaches the level of a national pride. They are best eaten with a fork and knife.

   

Photo 7: The public water of Copenhagen is very hard due to an abundance of dissolved calcium. The water even turns a milky color after it has been boiled, though it’s still considered safe to drink. 

   

 

 

Visiting Scholar in Copenhagen

 By Richard B. Primack

“Only that traveling is good which reveals to me the value of home and enables me to enjoy it better.”Henry David Thoreau in his Journal.

 

In March, I was a Visiting Scholar at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark.

 

Photo 1: On a sunny day in front of the Victorian-style greenhouse at the University of Copenhagen's botanical garden.

 

Photo 2: The grounds are still mostly dormant in early March.

 

Photo 3: The garden has extensive rock gardens for displaying alpine plants.

Jasmin was a visiting student at BU two years ago, and she showed us around Copenhagen. 

 

Photo 4: Nearby is the Rosenberg Castle, a former royal residence. Behind Jasmin is hedge made from tightly packed and heavily clipped hornbeams.

 

Photo 5: Crocus flowers are abundant in early spring. Note the heavily pruned trees in the background, a technique known as pollarding.

Photo 6: A closer view of pollarded trees.

  

 

Storm Cloud

 By Richard B. Primack

 

“Not till we are lost, in other words, not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.”  Henry David Thoreau in Walden.

 

 

A recent exhibit at the Huntington, in San Marino, CA, entitled Storm Cloud: Picturing the Origins of Our Climate Crisis, traces the rise of environmental awareness in Britain and America over the course of the nineteenth century through the period's art and literature. 

 

A book accompanies the exhibit, with essays by environmental writers, highlighting examples of art and literature from the Huntington’s collections. 

 

Photo 1: Storm Cloud cover.

 

Photo 2: Frontispiece.

Photo 3: A page from the Table of Contents.

 

Photo 4: My contribution to the book, on page 1.

 

Photo 5: Page 2 of the book.

LINK to the exhibit website. 

 

Local soil temperature advances flowering times of Canada mayflower

 By Richard B. Primack

 

“One attraction in coming to the woods to live was that I should have leisure and opportunity to see the spring come in.” Henry David Thoreau in Walden.

 

In a recent article in the journal Oecologia, we report that local soil temperature has the potential to affect the timing of spring flowering, which is a key indicator of the biological effects of climate change. 

 

Over four years (from 2019 to 2022), we investigated the effects of local soil temperature on spring flowering times for 35 local populations of Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense) growing within a few hundred yards of each other in the Webster Woods in Newton, Massachusetts (USA). 

 

Photo 1: Plants reaching a high density on the forest floor in the Webster Woods.

Some populations were on sunny south facing slopes and others were growing in deep shape on north facing slopes under evergreen hemlock trees. Plants in each population were individually marked.

 

Photo 2: Flowering plants were individually marked to follow flowering.

At these 35 field sites, flowering dates varied by 5–7 days among sites. That is, the plants at some sites consistently flowered about one week before the plants at other sites. 

 

Soil temperatures varied by about 9 °F across sites before and during the flowering season. This temperature difference between sites is about the same as the average temperature difference in May between Boston, Massachusetts and Charleston, South Carolina.

 

Photo 3: Soil thermometers were used to measure temperature.

Among the populations, plants flowered earliest at sites with the warmest local climates—around one-half day earlier for each 1 °F warmer temperature. 

 

This study demonstrates that the effects of local temperature on the timing of flowering can be investigated over relatively short periods of time, and that this approach can be combined with climate change studies at larger scales. 

 

Here is a link to the article: LINK