tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63412427966175182312024-03-19T01:48:03.625-07:00Climate change research in partnership with ThoreauIn Professor Richard Primack's Lab at Boston University, we study the effects of climate change on the timing of seasonal biological events and species diversity. By teaming up with Henry David Thoreau and other local naturalists, we investigate how climate change is affecting plants, insects and birds right here in the Boston area.Amandahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02218633235215596173noreply@blogger.comBlogger351125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-29717932258589865482024-03-13T09:53:00.000-07:002024-03-13T09:53:59.687-07:00Bare Pond in the Webster Woods<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="Thoreau" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style", serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.5in 0in 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">“[Walden] pond never breaks up so soon as the others in the neighborhood, on account both of its greater depth and its having no stream passing through it to melt or wear away the ice. It indicates better than any water hereabouts the absolute progress of the season, being least affected by transient changes in temperature.” </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal;">Henry David Thoreau in</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Walden</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><a name="html-embed-module-e30000"></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Bare Pond is a hidden gem in the Webster Woods. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Due to its small size and shallow depth, Bare Pond is constantly changing from day to day and bringing new surprises with each season. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJQBx_F0sJ4WpCS5-hg-ROTz2LJx5MoK3xYvyTQ_-wWkihEy6gRi_BiTu0S5D2YOnWgWnGUG7Fy1VWa3JaflXCPuZTlZmGr-dI_v1xNnUnoSUmaexf13TDP-3SKEEmy6g3JWRMmUHm9U5gaHa_BJsJQ002ETHKubpx1VjcKdpp5QQ4Qbmm2ykAbM2n1fE/s4032/Photo%201%20Bare%20Pond%20in%20Autumn.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJQBx_F0sJ4WpCS5-hg-ROTz2LJx5MoK3xYvyTQ_-wWkihEy6gRi_BiTu0S5D2YOnWgWnGUG7Fy1VWa3JaflXCPuZTlZmGr-dI_v1xNnUnoSUmaexf13TDP-3SKEEmy6g3JWRMmUHm9U5gaHa_BJsJQ002ETHKubpx1VjcKdpp5QQ4Qbmm2ykAbM2n1fE/s16000/Photo%201%20Bare%20Pond%20in%20Autumn.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: Bare Pond in autumn, with unusually high water levels for this time of year.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Bare Pond’s rapid changes are in contrast with larger and deeper bodies of water, such as Walden Pond in Concord.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dz-t0eCRwmcH7nvAdG473mDp8ltXEapIz7FqnqxhgOcTqv7uplGCLCa1SeZgMP7TEFA10QvP9A3DKHEWUhl0g' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Video 1: On a winter afternoon as the sun is setting, springtails jumping on the pond surface create a delightful sparkling display. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In a typical year, the pond fills with water in the autumn and winter and dries out by the following summer, making it “bare” (and explaining the reason for its name). Because of this cycle, the pond does not have any fish, making it ideal for breeding amphibians and their larval stages.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The pond is a breeding site for the rare yellow-spotted salamander. “Save the salamanders” became the rallying cry of citizen efforts to protect this section of the Webster Woods. Wood frogs and spring peepers also breed in the pond.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dw6FTzTNCIMruXa-OeL0lxdh7kVUeMZ877OUPZokapd3hzVAIq3CGmjI7FjRRhXa7bnHZgBxv24rlDlAh0Obg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Video 2: On Sunday, March 10 of this year, hundreds of wood frogs floated on the surface of the pond, creating a distinctive quacking chorus. </span></div><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-32884076947356339182024-03-05T10:25:00.000-08:002024-03-05T10:25:55.375-08:00Warning to Cherry Blossom Travelers<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“<span style="background: white;">We are acquainted with a mere pellicle of the globe on which we live… We know not where we are. Beside, we are sound asleep nearly half our time.”</span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in <i>Walden</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">Visiting Japan for the cherry blossom festival is a life-long goal for many international travelers, due to its wonderous beauty and associated cultural activities. But the brief festival’s date shifts earlier or later depending on the weather. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8zxzXDa8fWtNPiU9nYWqPACaMp_fXLMLY_rC_Xh_Cde_TbxjXvb_ByhHnmIotaqLn8lEj_8OAh2tZ-21JGVFVBzctM9PlUd2dtiQHZ5KGphw3MvvQQfbgKCqv5c3STrnkSIyz7UHtdXIVKt6wdlcBpBZwcRK6z01V-nrMUi2Vfgnpg4FwBFl7Sn3ltXE/s2592/Photo%201.%20CherryBlossoms.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1944" data-original-width="2592" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8zxzXDa8fWtNPiU9nYWqPACaMp_fXLMLY_rC_Xh_Cde_TbxjXvb_ByhHnmIotaqLn8lEj_8OAh2tZ-21JGVFVBzctM9PlUd2dtiQHZ5KGphw3MvvQQfbgKCqv5c3STrnkSIyz7UHtdXIVKt6wdlcBpBZwcRK6z01V-nrMUi2Vfgnpg4FwBFl7Sn3ltXE/s16000/Photo%201.%20CherryBlossoms.JPG" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 34, 36); color: #202224; font-size: 18.666666px; letter-spacing: -0.333333px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: For a brief period sometime in late March or early April, people in Japan enjoy the cherry blossom festival, as shown in this photo from Tokyo.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">Spring warming is the most important determinant of flowering times for cherry trees. And because spring weather is getting warmer due to global climate change, cherry trees are flowering ever earlier, making it harder to predict in advance when the festival will be. A traveler could arrive in Tokyo for the festival and discover that the festival had happened a week earlier.</span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe5ZrNp-bAm2lc-8ltOTbu2Sp64njmh8YVgOO8n848TR3MFdo1ocfjgDy7Vcjs9v81nEWGWRQKlRvuw-VjRyEJjcqamzm9h2dNBluPLXVR_Se6yiTR81JA7FvgSQX70zzu3xjvzcL4fUeN2kHnP10_ev6raUfBJbE2j-agYmPH7Lt6n2KWf7C2niJZHGM/s2592/Photo%202.%20KyotoRedTemple.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1944" data-original-width="2592" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe5ZrNp-bAm2lc-8ltOTbu2Sp64njmh8YVgOO8n848TR3MFdo1ocfjgDy7Vcjs9v81nEWGWRQKlRvuw-VjRyEJjcqamzm9h2dNBluPLXVR_Se6yiTR81JA7FvgSQX70zzu3xjvzcL4fUeN2kHnP10_ev6raUfBJbE2j-agYmPH7Lt6n2KWf7C2niJZHGM/s16000/Photo%202.%20KyotoRedTemple.JPG" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 34, 36); color: #202224; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; letter-spacing: -0.333333px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: In Kyoto, flowering cherries add to the beauty of the temples.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">Cherry flowering times have been recorded across Japan for over a thousand years, making them among the best-documented examples of the biological effects of climate change in the world. Yoshino cherries, which are the most common variety of cherry trees planted in cities, are now flowering about two weeks earlier than they did 50 to 60 years ago, due to the warmer weather associated with climate change.</span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">People hoping to see the cherry blossom festival in Tokyo or Kyoto need be flexible in their travel plans. Or they can always travel further north in Japan to catch a festival in a cooler city, or even catch the festival in neighboring South Korea.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #202224; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9hxd3FnOyWEVXlXBdFVW6eJs5jKmdtGLe63cSYryXtopFsDrPeC7loUOxsnodNCn8dj8ajfRizJl7nDzxwzfugEEcSgp4PKJ8bfF58eMCmbI6Gf0I1RGs8kdoFv4qNDrFvWWx1sfgt3yRIU8GjhPqbJAoeEZAMjrbpRf9-fHuVAzI4o4ZELEqE-6rhu8/s2592/Photo%203%20Korean%20Cherry%20blossom.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2592" data-original-width="1944" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9hxd3FnOyWEVXlXBdFVW6eJs5jKmdtGLe63cSYryXtopFsDrPeC7loUOxsnodNCn8dj8ajfRizJl7nDzxwzfugEEcSgp4PKJ8bfF58eMCmbI6Gf0I1RGs8kdoFv4qNDrFvWWx1sfgt3yRIU8GjhPqbJAoeEZAMjrbpRf9-fHuVAzI4o4ZELEqE-6rhu8/s16000/Photo%203%20Korean%20Cherry%20blossom.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 34, 36); color: #202224; font-size: 18.666666px; letter-spacing: -0.333333px; text-align: left;">Photo 3: The cherry blossom festival is also celebrated in South Korea.</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(32, 34, 36); color: #202224; font-size: 18.666666px; letter-spacing: -0.333333px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><span style="color: #202224;">For a longer version of this article published by BBC, see: </span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240223-climate-change-thwarts-cherry-blossom-travel" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b></span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 19.5pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><b><br /></b></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-19113680225628191302024-02-28T13:10:00.000-08:002024-02-29T06:26:13.197-08:00The Charles River Greenway at 30<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Not only the channel but one or both banks of every river should be a public highway.”</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal.</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Upper Charles River Reservation, one of Newton’s open space gems, is home to the Charles River Greenway, running for miles along both sides of the river from Watertown through Newton and Waltham to Commonwealth Avenue. The Greenway, opened to the public around 1992, is now around 30 years old!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-FCtJfuJrEulidUW0nivpqucTAlQ3q75We5nAUgzpPPOUXaOw9tNz396wWITQGOhQJGd4S0LpseSAPzWLGQ81hsdYIgtvRvQBNyg_Oy84jyckKrHfcj0AMijk4egjKXd8sLzKCQJmn_D66mmNksLd6z-uIW62cOAxJi_J1T8EvUYino74aNfjWXXjKE/s4032/Photo%201%20CR%20river%20view.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-FCtJfuJrEulidUW0nivpqucTAlQ3q75We5nAUgzpPPOUXaOw9tNz396wWITQGOhQJGd4S0LpseSAPzWLGQ81hsdYIgtvRvQBNyg_Oy84jyckKrHfcj0AMijk4egjKXd8sLzKCQJmn_D66mmNksLd6z-uIW62cOAxJi_J1T8EvUYino74aNfjWXXjKE/s16000/Photo%201%20CR%20river%20view.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: A view of the river from a Greenway bridge.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Prior to the Greenway’s construction, public access to the river in this area was blocked. Even though the riverbank and margin belonged to the state, local residences and businesses had extended their activities all the way down to the river, often erecting fences and building parking lots.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGurOK30ZI0l-kEdbBBXT3ebGCiVBq9w22kt6xmijyRN34jcHkVGFe8xhV1tI4_BNKTYuEmFU3w-IObhyphenhyphenZBRODgbDmftLDpEkYbbCDBmz2WwdeXpkL3bppTzxbzHyXbt1l0bRpV7d4KHSJMwOZ0eeUvZGcPJPvNwliPW-ios5xZBU40la95yCT_9HQdTU/s4032/Photo%202%20CR%20bridge.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGurOK30ZI0l-kEdbBBXT3ebGCiVBq9w22kt6xmijyRN34jcHkVGFe8xhV1tI4_BNKTYuEmFU3w-IObhyphenhyphenZBRODgbDmftLDpEkYbbCDBmz2WwdeXpkL3bppTzxbzHyXbt1l0bRpV7d4KHSJMwOZ0eeUvZGcPJPvNwliPW-ios5xZBU40la95yCT_9HQdTU/s16000/Photo%202%20CR%20bridge.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: Many bridges cross the river along the Greenway.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /> </span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Starting in 1991, the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) began reasserting control over the river margin with two goals in mind. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">First, to restore the natural environment as habitat for native plant and animal life. Second, to provide public access to the river and its ecosystems along connected paths. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVJcMS7dfEMYWpW5Mkw78ZQsOClzI5_9GIw7pSHPAYB-cN8VqKKoxpneKnw5toJBBo__R35VKL7vO0ltoURICHBQqGsAtugMBq8B4pJ5RzIRNy0GPZxNk2odaWJjgna_MvHGK44euf87k9Mia0ifl6Zz6bVUt1hSeHDM7fgmd_7FBWty8DmS-RQgPISX0/s4032/Photo%203%20CR%20stone%20path.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVJcMS7dfEMYWpW5Mkw78ZQsOClzI5_9GIw7pSHPAYB-cN8VqKKoxpneKnw5toJBBo__R35VKL7vO0ltoURICHBQqGsAtugMBq8B4pJ5RzIRNy0GPZxNk2odaWJjgna_MvHGK44euf87k9Mia0ifl6Zz6bVUt1hSeHDM7fgmd_7FBWty8DmS-RQgPISX0/s16000/Photo%203%20CR%20stone%20path.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 3: Wide, well-maintained paths run along the Greenway.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">By any reasonable measure, the Greenway has achieved its goals. Along the river, the DCR was successful at building paths, restoring forests, and protecting wetlands. The Greenway is now heavily used by the public, and it is hard to imagine life in this area without this beautiful and accessible river park.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">This is a shortened version of an article published in the Newton Conservators Newsletter: </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="This is a shortened version of an article published in the Newton Conservators Newsletter: LINK" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></span></p><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-86063682251761927462024-02-21T12:55:00.000-08:002024-02-21T12:55:01.440-08:00Dormant Twigs in Multiple Temperatures<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“<span style="background: white;">Many times I have thought that if the particular tree, commonly an elm, under which I was walking or riding were the only one like it in the country, it would be worth a journey across the continent to see it.”</span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Dormant twig studies have emerged as one of the most effective ways to study the effects of a warming climate on the leafing out and flower times of woody plants. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">On February 5, Selby Vaughn defended an undergraduate honors thesis which used dormant twigs to investigate the effects of a wide range of temperatures on the flowering and leafing times of 12 species of trees and shrubs. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7dGq5zm8119Xev3RkyskkcH11IOM_wKVDs9HrAmgUzKjQ89psGgWMentkPm1BwjaKa-1dO-xXgI1-tQTYYK9rQveGNPoSM4tBqY41BaJpj2C7rjIpWA6CfTwkL4dOTTpAIeQwPhHMw7TApvbvOgOSBCf5Cs3jy4KixLwrsStUvX1XxUEyH2QHw43cwfI/s3088/Photo%201.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2320" data-original-width="3088" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7dGq5zm8119Xev3RkyskkcH11IOM_wKVDs9HrAmgUzKjQ89psGgWMentkPm1BwjaKa-1dO-xXgI1-tQTYYK9rQveGNPoSM4tBqY41BaJpj2C7rjIpWA6CfTwkL4dOTTpAIeQwPhHMw7TApvbvOgOSBCf5Cs3jy4KixLwrsStUvX1XxUEyH2QHw43cwfI/s16000/Photo%201.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: Selby and committee members Richard Primack, Max Helmberger, and Cheryl Knott.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The thesis was titled: </span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">PHENOLOGICAL TRENDS IN THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON FLOWERING AND LEAFING OUT TIMES OF WOODY PLANTS USING A DORMANT TWIG EXPERIMENT</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1-iTD27XCNjB0dn3QHF37FxF82Eluq6y__f3CGb5Jcx2x2y-pe1kRaAQ4Cm_eNgZmUJ-FGQn3e60J6Cxo7fDo8BDphUAz9ADfoTi1Di2BozB_WMwbQmuZGeeDItndar6BS7WXewQr-ApRJOd3qrht-QIeDbhpQpX7bGyOvIVDkfqykaPuDB2PXTmh3c8/s3030/Photo%202.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3030" data-original-width="2255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1-iTD27XCNjB0dn3QHF37FxF82Eluq6y__f3CGb5Jcx2x2y-pe1kRaAQ4Cm_eNgZmUJ-FGQn3e60J6Cxo7fDo8BDphUAz9ADfoTi1Di2BozB_WMwbQmuZGeeDItndar6BS7WXewQr-ApRJOd3qrht-QIeDbhpQpX7bGyOvIVDkfqykaPuDB2PXTmh3c8/s16000/Photo%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: Twigs of 12 species being evaluated for stages of flowering and leafing out.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">As predicted, the tree and shrub species flowered and leafed out earlier in warmer temperature conditions. The study was noteworthy in its use of a wider variety of temperatures than any previous dormant twig study, which will help to determine if species responses to temperature are linear rather than curvilinear. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-1348916680323944002024-02-13T14:56:00.000-08:002024-02-13T14:56:44.792-08:00Winter Gardening in Boston<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“<span style="background: white;">The winter, with its snow and ice, is not an evil to be corrected. It is as it was designed and made to be, for the artist has had leisure to add beauty to use.”</span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">People associate New England with harsh cold winters; a time for gardeners to stay indoors for five months. But the climate has now become milder, with this year’s average temperature fully four degrees above normal. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">As a result, yesterday, in mid-February, our garden was free of snow and with an abundance of spring-like growth.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr0UURNPBg7i7ZD7U50jI7PtJNrUVV9GL1KIKdz0UJ0eqtfSUfwOYS853TY8gO1715FDWta3XYqCj5AfsnHaWlKqtQbYODejlySsToGCuV27dpk6h-XPGe6CU9jH3W3SQybCSdZBsG4gD8XSDFZyf8Nr1Q0VfKEoKbPIyoDBLI6NxTCZoXVyx08P1_9Eo/s4032/1%20Garden.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr0UURNPBg7i7ZD7U50jI7PtJNrUVV9GL1KIKdz0UJ0eqtfSUfwOYS853TY8gO1715FDWta3XYqCj5AfsnHaWlKqtQbYODejlySsToGCuV27dpk6h-XPGe6CU9jH3W3SQybCSdZBsG4gD8XSDFZyf8Nr1Q0VfKEoKbPIyoDBLI6NxTCZoXVyx08P1_9Eo/s16000/1%20Garden.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: Mid-February garden scene.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I noticed the following strange sights for wintertime:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU1qZMQU-j5EwJUt2bPhfgUP-O2ZRqVEz4xkYkuqun0smBfscBOTKX7_TjSC-rb_QTPhNb8NgwB8e-gq-s5r_e-12UmoCJWdI7pyObG9B_hXsYO1g19EM6VdvKUjIwYgYZjnu5syWWD4KrN6CuuDpRbnwWp7bXHRKIJAl4Wctd4BCSmzp6yk3MvgF9lYc/s4032/2%20Bok%20choy.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU1qZMQU-j5EwJUt2bPhfgUP-O2ZRqVEz4xkYkuqun0smBfscBOTKX7_TjSC-rb_QTPhNb8NgwB8e-gq-s5r_e-12UmoCJWdI7pyObG9B_hXsYO1g19EM6VdvKUjIwYgYZjnu5syWWD4KrN6CuuDpRbnwWp7bXHRKIJAl4Wctd4BCSmzp6yk3MvgF9lYc/s16000/2%20Bok%20choy.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: Bok choy, a cold-tolerant vegetable, looked good enough to eat.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQtAWFOoOli6lWfp2OZ8jU8JocZcBmKxfcniGTEEReDzznDuSgP4IentLWU2hEE4NUBcrca-_8WLqR4jiSzLsBcM6m-tXZSuCDkUZNd65Rp5ZeYFBT732Qt7G06ig9a2loj5XC2BNld0fUKS2Oz-d8IlcD530dnuZ_sBl1lz13JMtCt1HuxNPI9XIavS4/s4032/3%20Lettuce.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQtAWFOoOli6lWfp2OZ8jU8JocZcBmKxfcniGTEEReDzznDuSgP4IentLWU2hEE4NUBcrca-_8WLqR4jiSzLsBcM6m-tXZSuCDkUZNd65Rp5ZeYFBT732Qt7G06ig9a2loj5XC2BNld0fUKS2Oz-d8IlcD530dnuZ_sBl1lz13JMtCt1HuxNPI9XIavS4/s16000/3%20Lettuce.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 3: Lettuce and parsley have been doing surprisingly well in a protected spot of the garden.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3RGr6VbiMxJlTyKrwZyysnkQotrbAByGO5zFqcgreE_SGelDfdnEqNZp8llsCtnKAkmfRqTAZDAA5vXJjrM1w0PjShdA_bsPb8CVuEcfIuUa82LhBzv6FZA2qRjewf_kMcieNU-YkEhch_jYc4fnZAFq1aoN2okDrjuN26y5MS0ikgy7HF97q3wuNkNo/s4032/4%20Strawberry.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3RGr6VbiMxJlTyKrwZyysnkQotrbAByGO5zFqcgreE_SGelDfdnEqNZp8llsCtnKAkmfRqTAZDAA5vXJjrM1w0PjShdA_bsPb8CVuEcfIuUa82LhBzv6FZA2qRjewf_kMcieNU-YkEhch_jYc4fnZAFq1aoN2okDrjuN26y5MS0ikgy7HF97q3wuNkNo/s16000/4%20Strawberry.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 4: Our strawberry plants have started to produce new leaves and will be ready when the warm spring weather arrives.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQknZqctoLXW_wJQw32tEtl3cDNeVtOeKsFxdG6HE4MMt2N2pWWyhSqNDNdmTB43WK574lJe_yWhxPjFR6qTk92YFeBeGvk2P2boxJHsHqA0jpWeBCbC9C_qcZq8RN6GS5eNf_5c7mSDwMfKF-23HnriePf-JK9hP3GOuKWLgdzPPDVJh59tfNtjcpiuI/s4032/5%20Winter%20garden.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQknZqctoLXW_wJQw32tEtl3cDNeVtOeKsFxdG6HE4MMt2N2pWWyhSqNDNdmTB43WK574lJe_yWhxPjFR6qTk92YFeBeGvk2P2boxJHsHqA0jpWeBCbC9C_qcZq8RN6GS5eNf_5c7mSDwMfKF-23HnriePf-JK9hP3GOuKWLgdzPPDVJh59tfNtjcpiuI/s16000/5%20Winter%20garden.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 5: But then</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">today, the weather suddenly shifted, bringing a winter storm that covered everything in snow. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Hopefully the plants will survive until the snow melts. It's becoming a new world for gardeners and their plants.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-13884560735547935242024-02-05T11:57:00.000-08:002024-02-05T11:57:25.513-08:00How Woody Plants Manage the Shifts from Fall to Winter to Spring<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0.5in 0in 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“I frequently tramped eight or ten miles through the deepest snow to keep an appointment with a beech-tree, or a yellow birch, or an old acquaintance among the pines.” </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Henry David Thoreau in<i>Walden</i>, p. 288.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In a recent article in the <i>Old Farmer’s Almanac Garden Guide</i>, I describe how trees survive the extreme cold weather of the northern climate. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In autumn, woody plants start preparing for winter<span class="apple-converted-space">.</span> When their leaves change color and drop, their twigs, branches and trunks start to lose water. As a result, their cells contain higher concentrations of sugars, salts, and organic compounds.<span class="apple-converted-space"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU1Z-2R0Nn-CGrMiqOK3DEJfPjWKvX_qeqPYN-WQceeZaqajka_xQEXNepILQOL9fjdkMCzxvPgENbYsnwiNcTxjw5XXyPvhinAie8LVeyow8KY0Iu04omlUqU_xnGFnA3zG_OlCrZyGm0GC1Uy9Gk15zFhBD43JFC6jFOHoTwIadgf3k32oA9iMX1i4s/s1696/Primack%20Photo%202D%20Birch%20leaves%20autumn.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1540" data-original-width="1696" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU1Z-2R0Nn-CGrMiqOK3DEJfPjWKvX_qeqPYN-WQceeZaqajka_xQEXNepILQOL9fjdkMCzxvPgENbYsnwiNcTxjw5XXyPvhinAie8LVeyow8KY0Iu04omlUqU_xnGFnA3zG_OlCrZyGm0GC1Uy9Gk15zFhBD43JFC6jFOHoTwIadgf3k32oA9iMX1i4s/s16000/Primack%20Photo%202D%20Birch%20leaves%20autumn.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: In autumn, woody plants lose their leaves and prepare for winter.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">This change lowers the freezing point of the cells and tissues and allows them to survive temperatures far below the normal freezing point of water.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhNiiHAbVNHgaaXP3fMW5vvH22f5dmoC7K220z8gZrBc6daBeK7_0fdmBgLu4qyoKp9TKPCucZojWzRG_aABoV9cK18-l58o270EGlPp0R3eudCooTlKaSSoAmyGYew0FsABEuWA5urcHLB_U9O2XRibtiQDVhJ8bWmv3ep84cek6v-Wk4r9d1vn-Ab64/s2112/PrimackPhoto%201AWinter%20trees%20in%20pink.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2112" data-original-width="1696" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhNiiHAbVNHgaaXP3fMW5vvH22f5dmoC7K220z8gZrBc6daBeK7_0fdmBgLu4qyoKp9TKPCucZojWzRG_aABoV9cK18-l58o270EGlPp0R3eudCooTlKaSSoAmyGYew0FsABEuWA5urcHLB_U9O2XRibtiQDVhJ8bWmv3ep84cek6v-Wk4r9d1vn-Ab64/s16000/PrimackPhoto%201AWinter%20trees%20in%20pink.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: Trees have the ability to survive months of cold and snowy weather.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In the late winter and early spring, trees and shrubs have three ways to know when it is time to re-hydrate their tissues and start growing again.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">First, plants can stay dormant until they have experienced a certain number of cold winter days. They count these cold winter days to avoid being fooled into leafing out on abnormally warm days in January and February.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Second, plants sense spring warmth. After they experience a certain number of warm days each spring, their buds start to swell and then they leaf out and flower. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Third, plants also sense daylength or photoperiod<span class="apple-converted-space">.</span> As days get longer in the spring, trees get itchy to leaf out and are quick to grow in response to warmer weather. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Warming temperatures driven by climate change is making it harder for many species to detect how to avoid or handle winter cold and spring frosts. Warmer temperatures can fool trees such as apples and pears into leafing out and flowering several weeks earlier than normal, increasing their vulnerability to late frosts and damaging fruit production. Gardeners and farmers need to be aware of these climate change risks when deciding what trees and shrubs to plant. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgATcsv0AYkNRFdkS67KYs6nittWHmuridL9HD5uBM4tP03n1ihG0Jx6tIZfZTAsTR9JDRI-ROM_S3_MeoLCXq4DBu2ne320zucDHBZUUld3nirovjvA3m2BDPPzOVHLlQmbXeZgJ7y8Nm7E1C91tDb6CpH-u1mt0bU5ubhFF1U4U9pN0iyKwhLT0GLZyU/s2736/Primack%20Photo%204B%20Azalea%20flowers%20frosted.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2192" data-original-width="2736" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgATcsv0AYkNRFdkS67KYs6nittWHmuridL9HD5uBM4tP03n1ihG0Jx6tIZfZTAsTR9JDRI-ROM_S3_MeoLCXq4DBu2ne320zucDHBZUUld3nirovjvA3m2BDPPzOVHLlQmbXeZgJ7y8Nm7E1C91tDb6CpH-u1mt0bU5ubhFF1U4U9pN0iyKwhLT0GLZyU/s16000/Primack%20Photo%204B%20Azalea%20flowers%20frosted.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 3: Unpredictable late frosts sometimes damage flowers and young leaves.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In coming decades, many cold-loving evergreen tree species (such as spruces and firs) in the northern United States and Canada will become less abundant when climate change challenges become too much for them to bear, and they will be replaced by deciduous species, such as maples and beeches. In turn, forests currently dominated by maple and beech trees will be gradually occupied by native species from farther south, such as oaks and hickories.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUNQUcCaqOd_9If6kSh3EeJbvJ7VakPd9kFoKL5LZHhTI3GyqDD5xSZuItq7eJvXOR1M1heAL4uKxtj8dsRdRqN6aq0yjOr7AQcqlMkI3Hy-jjZwUtrV-_zp6advZ4ZrKrlXdVd5uS3ACesAxIFYIlhPlUd0FosLK3nL2hrxRphPM9umLPbfWC78KYD-k/s3264/Primack%20Photo%205B%20crepe%20myrtle.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUNQUcCaqOd_9If6kSh3EeJbvJ7VakPd9kFoKL5LZHhTI3GyqDD5xSZuItq7eJvXOR1M1heAL4uKxtj8dsRdRqN6aq0yjOr7AQcqlMkI3Hy-jjZwUtrV-_zp6advZ4ZrKrlXdVd5uS3ACesAxIFYIlhPlUd0FosLK3nL2hrxRphPM9umLPbfWC78KYD-k/s16000/Primack%20Photo%205B%20crepe%20myrtle.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 4: Future northern gardens might include plants originally from warmer climates, such as figs and crepe myrtles.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Here is a link to the article: <b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.almanac.com/2023-garden-guide" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-70226855128133877212024-01-30T10:03:00.000-08:002024-01-30T10:03:32.215-08:00Corey and the Raven<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack with help from ChatGPT</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;">Over the past few months, my colleagues and I have consulted with Corey Callaghan (University of Florida) on statistical techniques for combining eBird citizen science data with historical data from Thoreau and others to detect the effects of climate change on the timing of migratory bird spring arrival in Concord. The following is a poem about our decision to invite Corey to join our group. The first draft was written by ChatGPT and then revised by me. <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">In confused thought, 'neath COVID's hazy cloud,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">I climbed Seminary Hill, where gloom enshrouds,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">A dusk of gathering tempest, rain's threat unfurls,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Mind entwined with mysteries, Thoreau's dark twirls.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">A spring bird enigma, warblers concealed in shade,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Migratory notes sought, a riddle displayed,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Observers like Brewster, Griscom and more,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Birds seen centuries past, records to explore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEWNsI1nCr_XXxsS6a09nKcX-Cz1ZGcqyYbm39B-FxJbTTMqDxFpWQmX4301e8Prftktqsb-Ax-VcjwJJIuQ3M8ky0R6G8NdHixJf_kziW7cKjW-orZ6Tf9-VCTS9kCmGp0yjxFfdJxmKFBvH5tRi0nwwpwh5I7Jsy7AyClwelNjfzj1uAjWCGZZyDRCo/s450/Henry-David-Thoreau-poet-American-Transcendentalist.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="327" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEWNsI1nCr_XXxsS6a09nKcX-Cz1ZGcqyYbm39B-FxJbTTMqDxFpWQmX4301e8Prftktqsb-Ax-VcjwJJIuQ3M8ky0R6G8NdHixJf_kziW7cKjW-orZ6Tf9-VCTS9kCmGp0yjxFfdJxmKFBvH5tRi0nwwpwh5I7Jsy7AyClwelNjfzj1uAjWCGZZyDRCo/s16000/Henry-David-Thoreau-poet-American-Transcendentalist.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left;">Photo 1: Henry David Thoreau recorded bird arrival times in the 1850s. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Source – National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Rosey Corey, from recent decades now gone,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">And now eBird's chorus, a modern song,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Could all combine, both present and yore,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Showing how time changed Concord birds’ travel chore?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCNFWkoKHBN8K9nZAnZtjMUIjlr6l2qmdWaltAI5eLSMInGhPm5R9c-LA_NOkSa8zp3rxOThyphenhyphenTxtxde05Ko5ewfVepG9vZCTXqQgcIRi5IWfVcj5fqHFyBMAZLfXBaP9STnQU-IlivauHYq5sAd26hEPqUzrDp_oc4P88EvAyT7MfoUKJ-RxIBwSikaZc/s4032/eBird%20observers.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCNFWkoKHBN8K9nZAnZtjMUIjlr6l2qmdWaltAI5eLSMInGhPm5R9c-LA_NOkSa8zp3rxOThyphenhyphenTxtxde05Ko5ewfVepG9vZCTXqQgcIRi5IWfVcj5fqHFyBMAZLfXBaP9STnQU-IlivauHYq5sAd26hEPqUzrDp_oc4P88EvAyT7MfoUKJ-RxIBwSikaZc/s16000/eBird%20observers.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: eBird observers are making modern observations.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">In shadows I pondered, the statistical abyss,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Seeking insight, a guide in the mist,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Perhaps Corey Callaghan, with methods so bold,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Using subsampling lists, climate’s keys could unfold.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-bvRnFkRJ5YpqjFd-2PaCAExmOv09MqzE-e1oUoD-Wg7YGgfFvDZIqe05VNC25bHaC4uygsjO9iyzenqFhhNtlDSzmSF3LQKnUJ08yuq3rIOstKrQDYneiSh933OeXFEPBAM1jKvJcIZKr5xr1TIr0AHHG6nmKG2Zgkr5glmm4UPDX_Fhz1b0EydXbc/s1170/Corey%20Callaghan.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="877" data-original-width="1170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-bvRnFkRJ5YpqjFd-2PaCAExmOv09MqzE-e1oUoD-Wg7YGgfFvDZIqe05VNC25bHaC4uygsjO9iyzenqFhhNtlDSzmSF3LQKnUJ08yuq3rIOstKrQDYneiSh933OeXFEPBAM1jKvJcIZKr5xr1TIr0AHHG6nmKG2Zgkr5glmm4UPDX_Fhz1b0EydXbc/s16000/Corey%20Callaghan.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 3: Corey Callaghan from the University of Florida.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Or another modeler, with stochastic grace,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Climate change effects, might better embrace?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Questions arose, trust hung in the air,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Seeking a savant, to unravel the snare.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">As church spire neared, atop that steep knoll,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">A sight gripped my soul, a tale to extol,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">A raven, solitary, on steeple it swayed,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Wind's fierce caress, in dance it displayed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAw7DEAsX7638OQdNl3FSeC5EhL_41f9MH1eYMURuvg1QzU86xjMljxw5G02jSKIt81XKnMIBRWdCoDjLdA0h1eEqGKP4eTofQXE5mm59fiMQ83eznoO2s1tSepp0vR2YWobPPaveo8vW-QEAqKYvn6EBBNQ4yc78J97RGFKGqOZSRV9S7ayTfE1rRnRo/s282/Raven.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="179" data-original-width="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAw7DEAsX7638OQdNl3FSeC5EhL_41f9MH1eYMURuvg1QzU86xjMljxw5G02jSKIt81XKnMIBRWdCoDjLdA0h1eEqGKP4eTofQXE5mm59fiMQ83eznoO2s1tSepp0vR2YWobPPaveo8vW-QEAqKYvn6EBBNQ4yc78J97RGFKGqOZSRV9S7ayTfE1rRnRo/s16000/Raven.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 4: A raven provides the answer.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Midst tempest's lull, a mournful refrain,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Answering my quandary, a voice to explain,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">"Caw!" it crooned, a spectral reply,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">"Corey!" it whispered, the enigma unveiled nigh.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">“Corey!” again, secrets since Thoreau’s Concord of yore,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Unlock and reveal evermore.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-85225340363536093012024-01-22T15:31:00.000-08:002024-01-23T12:50:10.594-08:00Echoes of Walden: A Climate Chronicle Version<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack with help from Chat AI and Willow E. Primack</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">[This poem was written largely by Chat AI based on a short essay by Richard and using prompts from Willow. Richard spent some time polishing the poem.]</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In the warming world's embrace,<br />Unfolding petals rush to face<br />A sun too eager in its climb.<br />Wildflowers in Concord's heart,<br />Bloom early—nature's art<br />Distorted by a clock unseen.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAt9Q2ryqqDpbv6h1IAKmx87rYYnDmK2k2kJIKpqqkXWByMEEfvs4yzoC34BV-mPvEn-5M68Q8gjMyLh_bQZqEptkp-c8x1oTh7HYbSqpDhqYimsIh627xDa_zoUKa6HyzL3iQPJeINb0u59vSHENn4NIgSPbqA8O_ahesn0tV8w_dYrEC1fLrW-5ZPcY/s780/cypripedium-acaule-gardeniadotnet.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="780" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAt9Q2ryqqDpbv6h1IAKmx87rYYnDmK2k2kJIKpqqkXWByMEEfvs4yzoC34BV-mPvEn-5M68Q8gjMyLh_bQZqEptkp-c8x1oTh7HYbSqpDhqYimsIh627xDa_zoUKa6HyzL3iQPJeINb0u59vSHENn4NIgSPbqA8O_ahesn0tV8w_dYrEC1fLrW-5ZPcY/s16000/cypripedium-acaule-gardeniadotnet.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: Pink lady’s slipper orchid (source - gardenia.net)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Red maples, white oaks stretch</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">New leaves to skies, a net to catch<br />Time lost, fourteen days erased.<br />The forest floor, once bathed in spring light,<br />Now shaded, in the relentless night<br />From canopies formed too soon.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFVVTt15o4qN2GLHMrZEa6WYcwH6CSaCdZ7eB2cZUESzArjE-uuOweOpYZabmN_4FwJ3Ru5n_3MVKtxx-AyU6Wo9uak8wNDJjdKTE7Fv4GbfNINjH3-i956kzO-s2uqe4W9qou2hkubVOEw6l-9RV5e9sfcxCcnrjRtQiDdZ2nkw-S8Oqr5unJO0IjjxI/s1200/20190522old_hardwood_forest_bws0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFVVTt15o4qN2GLHMrZEa6WYcwH6CSaCdZ7eB2cZUESzArjE-uuOweOpYZabmN_4FwJ3Ru5n_3MVKtxx-AyU6Wo9uak8wNDJjdKTE7Fv4GbfNINjH3-i956kzO-s2uqe4W9qou2hkubVOEw6l-9RV5e9sfcxCcnrjRtQiDdZ2nkw-S8Oqr5unJO0IjjxI/s16000/20190522old_hardwood_forest_bws0001.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Photo 2: Red Maples (source -- ohio.edu).</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The birds, unswayed, keep their course,</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Arriving as if by some ancient force,<br />Unaware of the disrupted tune.<br />Insects, on the other hand,<br />Dance to a warmer land's command,<br />A symphony of disarray.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh17KcpeslMnUN0DzJ_DTia15LYiFMj3tJBwvHJGEkY278cq5U1Cb0JVWKDXi_3aQ37-LxxsDxtnHt447_GNW6PlCZhwPuPObtI1FH0fws7ULR1SVpJoMtyFMNeq7IdPcLEcTTaSBUk1e2P4-J-RWM1_vgzoYNfMl9Egy_DoSihSb-QhtpklqmOMPWRHAQ/s2281/2400.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1711" data-original-width="2281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh17KcpeslMnUN0DzJ_DTia15LYiFMj3tJBwvHJGEkY278cq5U1Cb0JVWKDXi_3aQ37-LxxsDxtnHt447_GNW6PlCZhwPuPObtI1FH0fws7ULR1SVpJoMtyFMNeq7IdPcLEcTTaSBUk1e2P4-J-RWM1_vgzoYNfMl9Egy_DoSihSb-QhtpklqmOMPWRHAQ/s16000/2400.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Photo 3: American Redstart (source - </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: medium;">© Evan Lipton eBird S29730553).</span></span><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: start;"><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Halfway through this tale of change,</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I ponder on the range<br />Of Thoreau’s words, a guide, a boon.<br />How much of what we see is real?<br />Is there more we can reveal<br />In this ceaseless quest, our plight?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><em><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">To be awake is to be alive,</span></b></em><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">But in this truth, do we contrive<br />To see the world in Thoreau's light?<br />Can we follow his simple lead,<br />In word, in thought, in deed,<br />As the planet warms, as species flee?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Live simply, so others simply live,</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />To nature’s call, attention give,<br />Reduce, reuse, our creed.<br />Let's tread softly where we roam,<br />For this Earth, our only home,<br />Needs guardians of its fragile dream.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In the echoes of Walden's shore,<br />We find a task worth fighting for:<br />To restore the rhythm of the natural theme.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-38782476648543500032024-01-16T11:18:00.000-08:002024-01-16T11:18:02.865-08:00A Few Common Tree Species Make Up Half of Tropical Rainforests<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">“This winter they are cutting down our woods more seriously than ever….Thank God they cannot cut down the clouds!”</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal.</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">A recently published study of over one million trees from 1,568 locations found that just 2% of tree species make up 50% of the total number of trees in tropical forests across Africa, the Amazon, and Southeast Asia. Each continent’s forests consist of the same proportions of a few common species and many rare species. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU0GyRuLmdC48CwxfGHgoaT-VmJd2C8mFcCiGvm6ktACDpTQ5IE0NP6cHoShZnbNO0NzlkwvN0HPM45fR4zrmmyKSXhzIoQ-gfbVfRDlLJMXDkgvzTVXoBNGrmM6l44hG7VTAL0RwShaXefuZSGf5mBynfNx_y3hyphenhyphenV5dW2n1rKrqTK2qxdtjvYFm7Mc8I/s3190/Cooper%202024%20Common%20tropical%20trees%20species.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1278" data-original-width="3190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU0GyRuLmdC48CwxfGHgoaT-VmJd2C8mFcCiGvm6ktACDpTQ5IE0NP6cHoShZnbNO0NzlkwvN0HPM45fR4zrmmyKSXhzIoQ-gfbVfRDlLJMXDkgvzTVXoBNGrmM6l44hG7VTAL0RwShaXefuZSGf5mBynfNx_y3hyphenhyphenV5dW2n1rKrqTK2qxdtjvYFm7Mc8I/s16000/Cooper%202024%20Common%20tropical%20trees%20species.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Figure 1: Dots show the locations of forest plots used in the study.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">The study scientists estimate that just 1,053 species account for half of the planet’s 800 billion tropical forest trees. The other half are comprised of 46,000 tree species, many of which are rare.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyyhipLTr3BUYClYF_GCfpDon-TsNlujDBuQ0MdhMAzfn1DZSf6MU1D-PAzkYUX9i3oHsWxUbsRYcF6TX9N8NGVt7Q-bHGcVHwN7i-PMuYjQeai-F6c0uqCRR6N-AxscnvtAk-M9u8srsGHTXEFRz0i8gFaPtugYACoVFtwt2yvkfRd1zRjrAtMb3XS0I/s2816/Photo%201.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2816" data-original-width="1880" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyyhipLTr3BUYClYF_GCfpDon-TsNlujDBuQ0MdhMAzfn1DZSf6MU1D-PAzkYUX9i3oHsWxUbsRYcF6TX9N8NGVt7Q-bHGcVHwN7i-PMuYjQeai-F6c0uqCRR6N-AxscnvtAk-M9u8srsGHTXEFRz0i8gFaPtugYACoVFtwt2yvkfRd1zRjrAtMb3XS0I/s16000/Photo%201.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1:</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Measuring trees at Bako National Park, Malaysia.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">These findings suggest that by focusing attention on these relatively few common tree species, we can probably predict how the whole forest will respond to global climate change. This is especially important because tropical forests contain a tremendous amount of stored carbon, and are a globally important carbon sink.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1WB6AEzYqp60rMYo86XrFBeBHIZNEM0HkE9LyH9QQButbm7nd4B18zSPDWG-gzxGfEu8ddjpRM6rafs5dJUup4VCWr-8Qjv9IRAtwb05xXsWnEd7qn3Qh9IMZAgAGhh6DMzpCdsJTHitmn0r61KQd5oCaq8dNCiezzmxyYiQcBaEPCOkaKU380Cv45eA/s2816/Photo%202.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2816" data-original-width="1880" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1WB6AEzYqp60rMYo86XrFBeBHIZNEM0HkE9LyH9QQButbm7nd4B18zSPDWG-gzxGfEu8ddjpRM6rafs5dJUup4VCWr-8Qjv9IRAtwb05xXsWnEd7qn3Qh9IMZAgAGhh6DMzpCdsJTHitmn0r61KQd5oCaq8dNCiezzmxyYiQcBaEPCOkaKU380Cv45eA/s16000/Photo%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2:</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Lainie Qie records data in the field.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">The study is also significant because it involved hundreds of scientists cooperating to assemble a gigantic international data base.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665px;">Here is the citation to the paper and a <b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06820-z" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b>:<o:p></o:p></span></p><blockquote style="border: medium; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665px;">Declan Cooper, Simon Lewis ... RB Primack, et. al, 2024. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities. <i>Nature</i></span></blockquote><div><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665px;"><br /></span></div><div><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.466665px;"> </span></div>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-732765360859486492024-01-10T14:54:00.000-08:002024-01-10T14:54:42.009-08:00Persistent Dead Leaves on Winter Trees<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard Primack</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“The death scenes of great men are agreeable to consider only when they make another and harmonious chapter of their lives.”</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in <i>Early Essays and Miscellanies</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Many trees retain dead leaves on their branches during cold winter months, in a phenomenon known as leaf marcescence (LM). Theses leaves typically fall off during the late winter or early spring. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCZ1tD6IFIvsHNcOzXAzcCu67B9DdjvNHJEWudth_-jYIUpQNReQxlG-oqYRCiPIkuLTvcCMDc8xXAhDQOapR-1maDWXrgYeKJY5_3YubPFgtratEWzrNiH1nh0uQVlDQ_Bp4XfI7WLKO9NPB1tUq3DBNJvp6pOwLEB8mZsvjZ7NWoBKHFzNetg0I7NzE/s4032/Photo%201%20white%20oak%20tree.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCZ1tD6IFIvsHNcOzXAzcCu67B9DdjvNHJEWudth_-jYIUpQNReQxlG-oqYRCiPIkuLTvcCMDc8xXAhDQOapR-1maDWXrgYeKJY5_3YubPFgtratEWzrNiH1nh0uQVlDQ_Bp4XfI7WLKO9NPB1tUq3DBNJvp6pOwLEB8mZsvjZ7NWoBKHFzNetg0I7NzE/s16000/Photo%201%20white%20oak%20tree.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: White oak tree with marcescent leaves.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUlpANHnWcPZ44amOPjIjL5YqNo_Qq2k_fIOf62nr2Lk1S4rlNpbp_XQlN2nNFaKz-nB-KVQnaildKQhmRcYiTAQUx76fErmpNYpHxhyj24Cva6XbbLAlztsSyCbvBpmodlielYGETPU9Z4uRLRMWa1lePtt9IvKKD6AZdFFI6V1-aEn7qqBmXR73WnfY/s4032/Photo%202%20White%20oak%20leaves.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUlpANHnWcPZ44amOPjIjL5YqNo_Qq2k_fIOf62nr2Lk1S4rlNpbp_XQlN2nNFaKz-nB-KVQnaildKQhmRcYiTAQUx76fErmpNYpHxhyj24Cva6XbbLAlztsSyCbvBpmodlielYGETPU9Z4uRLRMWa1lePtt9IvKKD6AZdFFI6V1-aEn7qqBmXR73WnfY/s16000/Photo%202%20White%20oak%20leaves.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: Close up of persistent white oak leaves.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Many theories have been advanced to explain LM. For example, persistent leaves may protect the buds against grazing by animals or give the growing plants a burst of mineral nutrients when they fall to the ground and decay in spring. But none of these have been proven so far.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4dGUausWw7yx-iQvyRplb1KNn4LvIHHr6VkzHN_g4D4KNtxEJk_U9USQf0vwiPOjIGUo1qOKrN0MniHjewgugwM9SlAMhbb9yGCjYLdpdJwR6OCyc4fHAyBa7J9LmmuLybN0P6mDBNSSEMa9dM7_jcEMxYVyJoUjuBkng0DoBV3X7wnmq6nALnQbFEP4/s4032/Photo%203%20beech%20tree.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4dGUausWw7yx-iQvyRplb1KNn4LvIHHr6VkzHN_g4D4KNtxEJk_U9USQf0vwiPOjIGUo1qOKrN0MniHjewgugwM9SlAMhbb9yGCjYLdpdJwR6OCyc4fHAyBa7J9LmmuLybN0P6mDBNSSEMa9dM7_jcEMxYVyJoUjuBkng0DoBV3X7wnmq6nALnQbFEP4/s16000/Photo%203%20beech%20tree.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 3: American beech shows LM on its lower branches.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">There has never been a systematic survey of the plant kingdom to determine the extent of LM. To remedy this, in</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="background: repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14pt;">2024</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">, an international network of 18 botanical gardens will investigate the occurrence of LM in their collections using a standard protocol.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5Q-P6OqKquSDGx5iO2Qo61oXXYlvKnr9xH-W86SXfePUG_Jvp7tTyO3s6t3iUDtlPchUVyNkFGRNagduR1aHJVAEPHFZD4YJzNY_Zgep4NY71XWkHw_z_JhOtfCR1ELyS0T-euPMm2Eucq1IYudq4oyxMuuX-t4Pem6iyjpyEzTokMXiULkIIaMqYeTk/s4032/Photo%204%20Primack%20monitoring%20LM%202024.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5Q-P6OqKquSDGx5iO2Qo61oXXYlvKnr9xH-W86SXfePUG_Jvp7tTyO3s6t3iUDtlPchUVyNkFGRNagduR1aHJVAEPHFZD4YJzNY_Zgep4NY71XWkHw_z_JhOtfCR1ELyS0T-euPMm2Eucq1IYudq4oyxMuuX-t4Pem6iyjpyEzTokMXiULkIIaMqYeTk/s16000/Photo%204%20Primack%20monitoring%20LM%202024.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 4: Surveying LM at the Arnold Arboretum.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Some plants show persisting green leaves that fall off in the winter, and these species are being included in the survey.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOqNuV3iJN5N9WA0Mu9wN1UCoPBFnnG2RQS_3cY1OTq_CRtJiv2wDV_1X1IAhvIOemSnV76ym2cN54cPYBot7qJlLyDb_b-d-uXaA4QdLQI161nTHuJ6fl_QGW8XuJh7inu15eLzcNcQ_bprXTo-glt3WvRxeQk2jl_2UAlp8sLkcghzF5_HhvpKiHr-Y/s4032/Photo%205%20Viburnum%20veitchii.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOqNuV3iJN5N9WA0Mu9wN1UCoPBFnnG2RQS_3cY1OTq_CRtJiv2wDV_1X1IAhvIOemSnV76ym2cN54cPYBot7qJlLyDb_b-d-uXaA4QdLQI161nTHuJ6fl_QGW8XuJh7inu15eLzcNcQ_bprXTo-glt3WvRxeQk2jl_2UAlp8sLkcghzF5_HhvpKiHr-Y/s16000/Photo%205%20Viburnum%20veitchii.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 5: Persistent drooping green leaves of Viburnum</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><i style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">veitchii</i><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">A recent article reviewed theories regarding the advantages of LM: </span><b style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecs2.4410" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-21128108773271357052024-01-02T10:42:00.000-08:002024-01-02T10:42:41.144-08:00Research Needed on China’s Threatened Plants<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Knowledge is to be acquired only by a corresponding experience. How can we <u>know</u> what we are <u>told</u> merely? Each man can interpret another’s experience only by his own.”</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in <i>A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Chinese government is placing greater emphasis on the conservation of threatened species in the process of seeking to achieve a sustainable ecological civilization. Obtaining knowledge of these species is a necessary first step in protecting them. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">However, a new study shows that 41% of China's 2117 endemic threatened angiosperm species are not mentioned in any Chinese-language or English-language scientific publication. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMwT0cRx9KSYo5-8XQePjA_xU2yMcZNY5dcFkwoDoECXb-34ygzumzZ51YQBHnl7VsTXeb0wcas5RdU01D3cgojPQKRl6jiBtLfUUAA4F_-wQNgf9b1AsWhWw8_LUAfQKOrRpTQlfDAnR8az56O0cPt-4XV3AARLr4SGD31ygydaSn-YrDk3UviEbGL6g/s935/Photo%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="935" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMwT0cRx9KSYo5-8XQePjA_xU2yMcZNY5dcFkwoDoECXb-34ygzumzZ51YQBHnl7VsTXeb0wcas5RdU01D3cgojPQKRl6jiBtLfUUAA4F_-wQNgf9b1AsWhWw8_LUAfQKOrRpTQlfDAnR8az56O0cPt-4XV3AARLr4SGD31ygydaSn-YrDk3UviEbGL6g/s16000/Photo%201.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"><span style="background: white; color: #444444;">Panax stipuleanatus</span></i><span style="background: white; color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> is a rare medicinal species of ginseng found in China. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Further, only 2% of the 44,383 publications that mention threatened plant species are related to conservation research, and over 75% of these conservation publications are found behind a paywall. This means that there is very little accessible information about ecology and conservation for most of China’s endangered plant species. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlr4cZp2_JWOyrKIW9X-llui99oIJ5AFxU4W_Yk3Pb6bV7BakOnc0f0ee0PO_rJhie1qalGYDXPi1_2JlzX6IEEys0RuPqC7sghIclevsOUowwMSgwIsBF0Iv-r4Tb6EiMJ1f-icxZGoRbpaYn1NDio1biTkVi19Fjq4H5skIc1v3_07qW_ANEcdugiUM/s736/Camellia%20micrantha.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="736" data-original-width="736" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlr4cZp2_JWOyrKIW9X-llui99oIJ5AFxU4W_Yk3Pb6bV7BakOnc0f0ee0PO_rJhie1qalGYDXPi1_2JlzX6IEEys0RuPqC7sghIclevsOUowwMSgwIsBF0Iv-r4Tb6EiMJ1f-icxZGoRbpaYn1NDio1biTkVi19Fjq4H5skIc1v3_07qW_ANEcdugiUM/s16000/Camellia%20micrantha.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><i style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"><span style="background: white; color: #444444;">Camellia micrantha</span></i><span style="background: white; color: #444444; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> is an endangered Camellia species found in China.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The authors of a recent article in</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><i style="font-size: 14pt;">Biological Conservation</i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">(see link below) propose improving and increasing long-term and comprehensive research on the conservation and management of endemic threatened plants in China. This should include promoting inter-governmental communication and cooperation in plant conservation, and applying new technologies and methods to conservation studies and practices.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #2e2e2e;">Here is a link to the article: </span><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320723004895?via%3Dihub" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b><span style="color: #2e2e2e;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #2e2e2e;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #2e2e2e;"><br /></span></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-85286142119272787712023-12-26T07:36:00.000-08:002023-12-26T07:36:56.627-08:00Horizon Scan for Conservation Issues<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Almost all of our improvements, so called, tend to convert the country into the town<span style="background: white;">.”</span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Horizon scanning is a well-established method for identifying emerging threats and opportunities that allows sufficient lead time to develop actionable solutions. The 15<sup>th </sup>Horizon Scan for conservation issues was published this year in the high-profile journal, <i>Trends in Ecology and Evolution</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGn-iVCNtVuYFb6qv33dxMMsNTHHJO41KM3FoFYRdmXe4Tgl6gVDnEYq9ndsO4HjRL9FVHsTtN2k0r0VhP61U2SuDyMJRPW66nkuTWiyMmfJkMD08orhXh_mCx_WzEsbuBXg836BA-xVCWgGKK2VSowbEEVdfWdqpqswioF1M98_jNDrGTS4km8hC_ggk/s626/person-using-laptop-using-artificial-intelligence-generate-images_23-2150905288%20copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="352" data-original-width="626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGn-iVCNtVuYFb6qv33dxMMsNTHHJO41KM3FoFYRdmXe4Tgl6gVDnEYq9ndsO4HjRL9FVHsTtN2k0r0VhP61U2SuDyMJRPW66nkuTWiyMmfJkMD08orhXh_mCx_WzEsbuBXg836BA-xVCWgGKK2VSowbEEVdfWdqpqswioF1M98_jNDrGTS4km8hC_ggk/s16000/person-using-laptop-using-artificial-intelligence-generate-images_23-2150905288%20copy.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Figure 1:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Artificial intelligence (AI) was used to generate some of this year’s issues.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">For this year’s horizon scan, Willow Primack and I joined the team to </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">use three AI models-- GPT-3.5 (Open AI), GPT-4 (Open AI), and Claude (Anthropic)-- to generate novel topics in ecology, conservation, and environmental science. After screening them with respect to accuracy, novelty and interest, we forwarded the best 20 issues to the team leaders. They judged five of the 20 to be of sufficient interest for consideration by the larger group. In the end, none of our AI-generated issues made the final list of 15 issues. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGUnckoKBs-aibp5_J_K_uLJq21SzL03gsa7yYcY_wHrAOLg-MfgqVPIsxVcE0r3RpxpBxrcSHDcol90WTkR_skSk8cNkM1a3uKZlGBZrmZJ15uk4tOQZm5Zn933vVosicAy8jW-ncIdNp2z9oVl3Eegycac1iUJK615N_SumdS-oYV64BhsMRIe-h4nQ/s626/climate-change-concept-collage_23-2149129761%20copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGUnckoKBs-aibp5_J_K_uLJq21SzL03gsa7yYcY_wHrAOLg-MfgqVPIsxVcE0r3RpxpBxrcSHDcol90WTkR_skSk8cNkM1a3uKZlGBZrmZJ15uk4tOQZm5Zn933vVosicAy8jW-ncIdNp2z9oVl3Eegycac1iUJK615N_SumdS-oYV64BhsMRIe-h4nQ/s16000/climate-change-concept-collage_23-2149129761%20copy.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Figure 2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Many of the issues chosen address the climate change crisis.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Many of the final topics were related to the use of technology to reduce the environmental impact of human activities, including to address the climate change crisis. Some examples include new methods for producing hydrogen fuel for energy; and producing high-protein food from air, potentially decreasing the area of land needed for food production. Other topics are more specific, such as positive benefits that may come from the use of benchtop DNA printers and the need to monitor changes in deep-sea currents which may have profound impacts on marine and terrestrial ecosystems.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The full article is available using this <b><span style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/fulltext/S0169-5347(23)00295-1?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0169534723002951%3Fshowall%3Dtrue" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b>. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-77909099508223038602023-12-17T14:39:00.000-08:002023-12-17T14:40:35.709-08:00Plant Poster Day<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“I should keep some book of natural history always by me as a sort of elixir – the reading of which would restore the tone of my system and secure me true and cheerful views of life.”</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In the closing days of my BI 305 Plant Biology course, we had a poster session in which each student presented some aspect of botany that they wanted to learn more about and share with the class. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTRkJNzdNwOQEiZE1rfQZ79Bxr7yfRRIQ1OI3lYHUIYem6F9VzIaRs_xmD8EGpLVx50AbXEZ4y3qYVLslP_8ueHnnqlhdC7cyQcJQ9MZNFxwC4Zo92cEJbq2SLIbL0SpIg_RZYrTG-be_oTnvECA4z55MzJgPuue-2ujNydxEXx-1Qk3N0IrVbydxaILg/s3561/Photo%201%20A%20Class%20day%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1622" data-original-width="3561" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTRkJNzdNwOQEiZE1rfQZ79Bxr7yfRRIQ1OI3lYHUIYem6F9VzIaRs_xmD8EGpLVx50AbXEZ4y3qYVLslP_8ueHnnqlhdC7cyQcJQ9MZNFxwC4Zo92cEJbq2SLIbL0SpIg_RZYrTG-be_oTnvECA4z55MzJgPuue-2ujNydxEXx-1Qk3N0IrVbydxaILg/s16000/Photo%201%20A%20Class%20day%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: Class photo with Prof. Kaufman, who came to view the posters.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCwv74W2xEa0Rc_dVll_E2Ixtlp7UqSneALKvpLcolz5QWYTGNESZTMK2OfHdkl65-orZsy5szCeSkZC2YJkFM_XRAGNnaJ6bRiopMRAgWHOHuH3rCIHKlqnjA2EurGX_tx1G49h8lUZXf0GNySEYUMV4TEWxrJoIppz-KzDzhUtAQ0X8qHc06dlvNJvE/s2728/Photo%202%20Akiva%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2496" data-original-width="2728" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCwv74W2xEa0Rc_dVll_E2Ixtlp7UqSneALKvpLcolz5QWYTGNESZTMK2OfHdkl65-orZsy5szCeSkZC2YJkFM_XRAGNnaJ6bRiopMRAgWHOHuH3rCIHKlqnjA2EurGX_tx1G49h8lUZXf0GNySEYUMV4TEWxrJoIppz-KzDzhUtAQ0X8qHc06dlvNJvE/s16000/Photo%202%20Akiva%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: Akiva and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLU-877aXpvbEfKHer1bNt_3HJhmYeHmhCnyXzhHLBinOIvdoTKrS9fFyr4eeDVgH20ZKrZGLIFe0NrN3LoLfwzHXMcrXbeIIsVXvxT0oJgTzaa3ZSL5i9usjLcALLDop4QqMUiQxNZkaKA1kCZbZ_kdhetSjl0Opdr6P4aloG20AUx2DrAOj5qc0kALA/s4032/Photo%203%20TF%20Emily%20and%20Allison.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLU-877aXpvbEfKHer1bNt_3HJhmYeHmhCnyXzhHLBinOIvdoTKrS9fFyr4eeDVgH20ZKrZGLIFe0NrN3LoLfwzHXMcrXbeIIsVXvxT0oJgTzaa3ZSL5i9usjLcALLDop4QqMUiQxNZkaKA1kCZbZ_kdhetSjl0Opdr6P4aloG20AUx2DrAOj5qc0kALA/s16000/Photo%203%20TF%20Emily%20and%20Allison.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 3: Allison and poster (with TF Emily)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYVVXboXRMCKwhbDeOjxwWcAUpIE1d5In23y204ZfxghpRDO8t1GzRFC3UyJytVrArprrPH76tFIT0eCgeQXhY6q9_txaiOTzMUMRPCI3LTKGTsqjUJFRcPghDyzgf32KfmY9w8RYcOJwo7gUTmm3fVpKP3WwnwTM1KX1hXGtrCDKmNhtTmyAO4hRlA8/s4032/Photo%204%20Anjali.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYVVXboXRMCKwhbDeOjxwWcAUpIE1d5In23y204ZfxghpRDO8t1GzRFC3UyJytVrArprrPH76tFIT0eCgeQXhY6q9_txaiOTzMUMRPCI3LTKGTsqjUJFRcPghDyzgf32KfmY9w8RYcOJwo7gUTmm3fVpKP3WwnwTM1KX1hXGtrCDKmNhtTmyAO4hRlA8/s16000/Photo%204%20Anjali.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 4: Anjali and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkO_cadpnnV32RLwlX67Tm3W3vF_dcgVreXN5DopUQKhKOJ3brMFnGZVDc_57YotTxBB47ABFjN5D0Ym57Q2KWV3xarStamwNWFGSN0jd7S0TNxThbWm-XL1ETRqiG_VI_SLJo2co-Qbb2w0g1GaemqDOYOKtyHxHgj8qRKQGq2ISzKzi7daoOUZMYsd4/s3472/Photo%205%20Ashley%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2236" data-original-width="3472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkO_cadpnnV32RLwlX67Tm3W3vF_dcgVreXN5DopUQKhKOJ3brMFnGZVDc_57YotTxBB47ABFjN5D0Ym57Q2KWV3xarStamwNWFGSN0jd7S0TNxThbWm-XL1ETRqiG_VI_SLJo2co-Qbb2w0g1GaemqDOYOKtyHxHgj8qRKQGq2ISzKzi7daoOUZMYsd4/s16000/Photo%205%20Ashley%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 5: Ashley and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTYRhUzsKtTnaQ9s5OjRwctlocEyYg9LEuHFXc4WoTr77J7PvkbNFvd6ElqtoWezROBfEzusxfT6llt5-5Y-QmoXPbNqQmKevw6XCPo4EAWXpB9ma3Xj87VL3B309bLMT8op_zm3qnA4bzZ9aPYw2ShzCrXNT_DavteRkVwDBYpsapeQpikKjg6vpO93c/s2917/Photo%206%20Brooke%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2711" data-original-width="2917" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTYRhUzsKtTnaQ9s5OjRwctlocEyYg9LEuHFXc4WoTr77J7PvkbNFvd6ElqtoWezROBfEzusxfT6llt5-5Y-QmoXPbNqQmKevw6XCPo4EAWXpB9ma3Xj87VL3B309bLMT8op_zm3qnA4bzZ9aPYw2ShzCrXNT_DavteRkVwDBYpsapeQpikKjg6vpO93c/s16000/Photo%206%20Brooke%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 6: Brooke and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMP6Ps2IvYGBhSnjB9yKU70XLEjwrPzDeOi-r5J909IWDZrB8Jm4PycFtY_aMV2vzbnIbn0Tfi563Ht0IdjuFu-7uDOlRcOaSWyvIsOnjAYJ4FDCDIbJgLcrxSqq-2q8F9Jsmk0dut-Oq5oH-vBtmwtSFsaLYsxHC9wy_W4UMR27Vz9VPWBVpAp_YYHBA/s4032/Photo%207%20Eric.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMP6Ps2IvYGBhSnjB9yKU70XLEjwrPzDeOi-r5J909IWDZrB8Jm4PycFtY_aMV2vzbnIbn0Tfi563Ht0IdjuFu-7uDOlRcOaSWyvIsOnjAYJ4FDCDIbJgLcrxSqq-2q8F9Jsmk0dut-Oq5oH-vBtmwtSFsaLYsxHC9wy_W4UMR27Vz9VPWBVpAp_YYHBA/s16000/Photo%207%20Eric.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 7: Eric and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOIBySCxF3j49hfxnnEYvv4WU0mOgG8kJN0I-aqgt2B5AM3AGiXZjl2jHMj_ZF0qXwUvw8vnUMqaE2e-iVSaCUpZVPdT2P9WYbGfuEoDaiGvXXvZVfpVrQ8rxiBgmhYEpq_aKl1niyeagunCIsiODGwPmp_b7sQ8_u4KeYXRnSU1_GpF6QnvhxYJcYAoc/s3326/Photo%208%20Isabel%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2028" data-original-width="3326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOIBySCxF3j49hfxnnEYvv4WU0mOgG8kJN0I-aqgt2B5AM3AGiXZjl2jHMj_ZF0qXwUvw8vnUMqaE2e-iVSaCUpZVPdT2P9WYbGfuEoDaiGvXXvZVfpVrQ8rxiBgmhYEpq_aKl1niyeagunCIsiODGwPmp_b7sQ8_u4KeYXRnSU1_GpF6QnvhxYJcYAoc/s16000/Photo%208%20Isabel%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 8: Isabel and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTyrt9Nw0xo_u2WH6CDSbnH_GGNPLoaeIJ5Aw2JLnNHKrC9V6IfbLGnPYxVu_Q_bM-NVnHRIQp3Tts778igTbxmbrTl9Y19J5qD1ZPfbCdKwzgDokLXicuqvW7Bt7DSdlrhDziv6tBUGgPxP0huAzoQCAmS4MscwfFVzeWGxuT__nmE1Ac-w_Y5leDO9E/s4032/Photo%209%20Jana.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTyrt9Nw0xo_u2WH6CDSbnH_GGNPLoaeIJ5Aw2JLnNHKrC9V6IfbLGnPYxVu_Q_bM-NVnHRIQp3Tts778igTbxmbrTl9Y19J5qD1ZPfbCdKwzgDokLXicuqvW7Bt7DSdlrhDziv6tBUGgPxP0huAzoQCAmS4MscwfFVzeWGxuT__nmE1Ac-w_Y5leDO9E/s16000/Photo%209%20Jana.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 9: Jana and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzoyo2ck66wGKYsl9-8Vbq4A5y9qutDZlrsPnYDvmE-0-gROTF1_iQicCgMT_VLVnBBI1Ge5-V5xO0H-gQtc7BiGE0MseKB5x7F2qkXJBH2cRqbT-zFie3vdkXhTlHCD3_bE9NxLBXiyGi18Rea52UWzC4sVC3PgbtFqTGAs4ZLigYe2sVQxlHbxpGvtU/s4032/Photo%2010%20Jessica.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzoyo2ck66wGKYsl9-8Vbq4A5y9qutDZlrsPnYDvmE-0-gROTF1_iQicCgMT_VLVnBBI1Ge5-V5xO0H-gQtc7BiGE0MseKB5x7F2qkXJBH2cRqbT-zFie3vdkXhTlHCD3_bE9NxLBXiyGi18Rea52UWzC4sVC3PgbtFqTGAs4ZLigYe2sVQxlHbxpGvtU/s16000/Photo%2010%20Jessica.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 10: Jessica and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Za7i_6qzfTDuZgPIil7SkO6pRGqvnjTRNXkyoPYAKHMXtT5rX6V7vX5_s0acAAqZJPGdgRkN4phN7gmuRHEul_IpQg6InC17Ka6T7o9Fg1h7fW74aELmuRXmgf-hHwCuEfqn29pGNMXGLNBl9_8MLY9D0_kcsP9YA6hznwMKBPV-42Me41SNiZSCfk0/s3312/Photo%2011%20Nina%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2307" data-original-width="3312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Za7i_6qzfTDuZgPIil7SkO6pRGqvnjTRNXkyoPYAKHMXtT5rX6V7vX5_s0acAAqZJPGdgRkN4phN7gmuRHEul_IpQg6InC17Ka6T7o9Fg1h7fW74aELmuRXmgf-hHwCuEfqn29pGNMXGLNBl9_8MLY9D0_kcsP9YA6hznwMKBPV-42Me41SNiZSCfk0/s16000/Photo%2011%20Nina%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 11: Nina and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWPr164c4aE0k8rLUMcaugi4wG1fTOHvjavmiCdUqbJtQE1VoHt-sFMCFUnz2oJdrbKdiTTU9GjY_Yes5IuTXzRzGXKbiZ7GBsamykjuKsdq_waNKpPs443PkaPN5gP9KGZSLO7w-7YSV1F9a4FIyzXgownG2DwXUGhb_lkistaqIAw5uBPxmxgJCOtPE/s3682/Photo%2012%20Olivia%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2109" data-original-width="3682" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWPr164c4aE0k8rLUMcaugi4wG1fTOHvjavmiCdUqbJtQE1VoHt-sFMCFUnz2oJdrbKdiTTU9GjY_Yes5IuTXzRzGXKbiZ7GBsamykjuKsdq_waNKpPs443PkaPN5gP9KGZSLO7w-7YSV1F9a4FIyzXgownG2DwXUGhb_lkistaqIAw5uBPxmxgJCOtPE/s16000/Photo%2012%20Olivia%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 12: Olivia and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrjvGsTZb6rsQcGauRljXV52QqjHpcWWW-w8JhLqPtLkPR7ZVa2NH41kA5apOA492a1bNi9l2ypaQ9kvQwoVxu67sqqcJ0KWgRDaXSKjLQHaiyx7bNvliF91egNNh4C91KPwB8Ldj8KdR1f89edPpi89z6rdRbJ-HUeSMvYRfApM_h4_2fNdS56gdMECc/s3337/Photo%2013%20Ryan%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2444" data-original-width="3337" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrjvGsTZb6rsQcGauRljXV52QqjHpcWWW-w8JhLqPtLkPR7ZVa2NH41kA5apOA492a1bNi9l2ypaQ9kvQwoVxu67sqqcJ0KWgRDaXSKjLQHaiyx7bNvliF91egNNh4C91KPwB8Ldj8KdR1f89edPpi89z6rdRbJ-HUeSMvYRfApM_h4_2fNdS56gdMECc/s16000/Photo%2013%20Ryan%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 13: Ryan and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTuLQZECzCBFxK3XjuAoKAoxoxX8H5Q5HvRyhw_cN9zNk54zyovUAU4z2zcHP88EUL-5FYqCGJ6SSHLnqSOoVEYrgK6cNHTIXe4fNFQ5qwH-2KvXXbgqzWFgl9L3QidvTkMcgjdWFInxo6ODkNUiP1GjnwAdJP6xjNhD8hoZDKcykuJM12V_QSB35Y7n4/s3262/Photo%2014%20Sofia%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2736" data-original-width="3262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTuLQZECzCBFxK3XjuAoKAoxoxX8H5Q5HvRyhw_cN9zNk54zyovUAU4z2zcHP88EUL-5FYqCGJ6SSHLnqSOoVEYrgK6cNHTIXe4fNFQ5qwH-2KvXXbgqzWFgl9L3QidvTkMcgjdWFInxo6ODkNUiP1GjnwAdJP6xjNhD8hoZDKcykuJM12V_QSB35Y7n4/s16000/Photo%2014%20Sofia%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 14: Sofia and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgiF1u7gENPuPk3HJ45_mWf44DdC6pHeFUr_iYmpVG4W3t_4xBnz3511cVB-Z3lJ8yzH-Gi_vSpV2ZIdKctXT1yGeRoONp_B3TZYozuOlhNAXXscroyEGvVPEeyWOtKrNfJDofsx_fA4ldFFThOs_D9mcPvkR5ksfQ1-zE6CpT0BLOW1ic2aI9il7YQ_E/s4032/Photo%2015%20Tsion.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgiF1u7gENPuPk3HJ45_mWf44DdC6pHeFUr_iYmpVG4W3t_4xBnz3511cVB-Z3lJ8yzH-Gi_vSpV2ZIdKctXT1yGeRoONp_B3TZYozuOlhNAXXscroyEGvVPEeyWOtKrNfJDofsx_fA4ldFFThOs_D9mcPvkR5ksfQ1-zE6CpT0BLOW1ic2aI9il7YQ_E/s16000/Photo%2015%20Tsion.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 15: Tsion and poster</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">During a break from poster presentations, we had a durian party.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDb944_Gv6UET5EsAblb7hAx14Q_tpBhtklhazijNdvTM3b3xDguZjyJRavJ-vzxqKxMx33HxvGsIIZ11K3VEyGm6lnW6mqQzRbgyCbbNKUNTOy99mT0pBNXn4b48pSNtrR6yTXzHhD0luQMUsrGf_3WL5C3f3BfDErDZALtxtMJz7dMeKCRXXBhd-UvM/s4032/Photo%2016%20Durian%20party.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDb944_Gv6UET5EsAblb7hAx14Q_tpBhtklhazijNdvTM3b3xDguZjyJRavJ-vzxqKxMx33HxvGsIIZ11K3VEyGm6lnW6mqQzRbgyCbbNKUNTOy99mT0pBNXn4b48pSNtrR6yTXzHhD0luQMUsrGf_3WL5C3f3BfDErDZALtxtMJz7dMeKCRXXBhd-UvM/s16000/Photo%2016%20Durian%20party.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 16: Durian party</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-55911860235356462042023-12-11T09:52:00.000-08:002023-12-11T09:52:23.828-08:00New USDA Winter Hardiness Map<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“How little there is on an ordinary map! How little, I mean, that concerns the walker and the lover of nature… The wavering woods, the dells and glades and green banks and smiling fields, the huge boulders, etc., etc., are not on the map, nor to be inferred from the map.”</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s “</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/" target="_blank">plant hardiness zone map</a>” was updated several weeks ago for the first time in a decade, providing guidance to gardeners and other plant growers about which flowers, vegetables, and shrubs are most likely to thrive in a particular region.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq6COdalcpMD4p95JiAuY4K_yAcKxuZBJh-w9KiAtrw_wmwRdeUX0S0z5bbJ0NT35r5vbvwy43kx28Jf_Xb7-AYGiwzTdv5rBXi5ojBWSBvHKasvA4_PFbugGRYjO83D-FR84I9gnjGmfVbdQ_Z3CYAh8wfSZQe0GUTwq4vjQSIjUs5DD3XVu0quQL1DY/s2548/Hardiness%20Zone%20Map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1566" data-original-width="2548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq6COdalcpMD4p95JiAuY4K_yAcKxuZBJh-w9KiAtrw_wmwRdeUX0S0z5bbJ0NT35r5vbvwy43kx28Jf_Xb7-AYGiwzTdv5rBXi5ojBWSBvHKasvA4_PFbugGRYjO83D-FR84I9gnjGmfVbdQ_Z3CYAh8wfSZQe0GUTwq4vjQSIjUs5DD3XVu0quQL1DY/s16000/Hardiness%20Zone%20Map.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Figure 1: New Plant Hardiness Zone Map</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The key information on the map is the lowest likely winter temperature in the various regions, which is important for determining which plants are likely to survive the season.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><a name="more-section-display-name" style="font-size: 14pt;"></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Across the lower 48 states, the lowest likely winter temperature overall is now 2.5 degrees (1.4 degrees Celsius) warmer than when the last map was published in 2012, with over half of the regions having shifted to a warmer plant hardiness zone.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2L7Ez7AnJL3Ce_BoYUBckPLfmUZx3OI_U50m12U8gTkYeYzWsJSm6M8C7J2YExEtjDeurYZQFoDbOPh8zxB6B4_6iTnWy-dr1oAkOezCaayTxFbbV793DDes-bCXMU0xFd87AaQoVnoRScNwzrcPJwMVKX9C8SdosMKAnse0n0kof0B3E2CA7hS2WwP4/s640/flower-7113735_640.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2L7Ez7AnJL3Ce_BoYUBckPLfmUZx3OI_U50m12U8gTkYeYzWsJSm6M8C7J2YExEtjDeurYZQFoDbOPh8zxB6B4_6iTnWy-dr1oAkOezCaayTxFbbV793DDes-bCXMU0xFd87AaQoVnoRScNwzrcPJwMVKX9C8SdosMKAnse0n0kof0B3E2CA7hS2WwP4/s16000/flower-7113735_640.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Figure 2: In coming years, Camellias will be growing in Boston as the climate continues to warm.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">This surprisingly rapid shift in just 10 years is due to temperatures in the winter and at night rising faster than those in the summer and during the day.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">As demonstrated by this shift in the hardiness zones, climate change is already having strong impacts on plants and the people growing them in the United States. </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">As the climate continues to shift, it can be tricky for plants — and growers — to keep up.<span class="apple-converted-space"> Warmer temperatures may mean that some plants will now die during summer heat waves, and that insect pest outbreaks may become more severe as milder temperatures make it easier for them to survive through the winter.</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">For more info on the changes made to the map, see this article: <b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://apnews.com/article/garden-hardiness-climate-change-usda-zones-89d78178703e30bc3fd948ceaff61e7f" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 15pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-4350919753616891212023-12-04T12:20:00.000-08:002023-12-05T11:05:18.878-08:00A Plant Experiment in Class<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“I enjoy more drinking water at a clear spring than out of a goblet at a gentleman’s table.”</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Over the decades, I have envied professors of Chemistry and Physics who carry out dramatic experiments right in front of students during lecture time. Why can’t Biology professors do this too? So, this semester I attempted to do an experiment in class. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">To illustrate the function of the waxy cuticle of leaves to prevent water loss, I collected six large living Hydrangea leaves. At the start of class, the leaves were labeled with a Sharpie pen, weighed, and then randomly assigned to one of three treatments: control leaves; leaves with a few tears in the leaf surface; leaves with many tears in the leaf surface. No leaf fragments came off during the treatments, which student volunteers carried out.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The hypothesis was that leaves with damage to the leaf cuticle would lose more water than control leaves. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmfYJgYJraq7DpyqvTJebKVTypk-nyyQC5Do3DZxm8YuiGxNZqb3KP5GtvWE_6Lv3zH639d0RnuLl65w8FoA38lOX4X5Lqy7yMiX-rRav1fzW2uAZ88Ybl79ltUCErTZ6112JgA2YYPp7_KDCpNJJZ0r_13OLzpebEjYFUiwdpVqYL78XYhIFqqFu3Tw/s1080/Photo%20add.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1080" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmfYJgYJraq7DpyqvTJebKVTypk-nyyQC5Do3DZxm8YuiGxNZqb3KP5GtvWE_6Lv3zH639d0RnuLl65w8FoA38lOX4X5Lqy7yMiX-rRav1fzW2uAZ88Ybl79ltUCErTZ6112JgA2YYPp7_KDCpNJJZ0r_13OLzpebEjYFUiwdpVqYL78XYhIFqqFu3Tw/s16000/Photo%20add.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Photo 1: Students carrying out leaf treatments in class.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWa18I4SHLpOBhbsWgCpGSuyceN_G8j_IVUlTnMeshpAxjRCeXl-wbjTHNRgtSuB6HVzYcCGgISvLPhby3P0_8ET67kgjOU43M3G5SGzq419qelYi0xPH0mY-aNZO9h6Yvbcj2I6CJbBI7LVi9F3UxugAYHbOvZYC3vjKeNs8FWKQmejYFVm16EXB736A/s4032/Photo%201.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWa18I4SHLpOBhbsWgCpGSuyceN_G8j_IVUlTnMeshpAxjRCeXl-wbjTHNRgtSuB6HVzYcCGgISvLPhby3P0_8ET67kgjOU43M3G5SGzq419qelYi0xPH0mY-aNZO9h6Yvbcj2I6CJbBI7LVi9F3UxugAYHbOvZYC3vjKeNs8FWKQmejYFVm16EXB736A/s16000/Photo%201.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: Leaves illustrating the three treatments, with one being weighed. A heavily torn leaf is on the left and a lightly torn leaf is on the right.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Following treatment, leaves were left on a table in front of the class and then weighed after 45 minutes. Not much weight loss had occurred, so leaves were placed on a grill above a warm radiator with the expectation that it would cause greater water loss. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQHdcDH8hrYv9X8e4kOyNFskIFC9vLhqYmIPxEvWRp6v0OonAocFUoQUna96-eLP7SfuDb64nm2-ZMyzNq_2tqAPzLj4NmFG5EwMyWcZ2O7erQVo6YiusFezkHIL9h4f19kgg7Z-j1yard3dgbgcGC5iGECNzCbiU9pd_0gAtstlOBMjFa5leC-0OdcxE/s4032/Photo%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1930" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQHdcDH8hrYv9X8e4kOyNFskIFC9vLhqYmIPxEvWRp6v0OonAocFUoQUna96-eLP7SfuDb64nm2-ZMyzNq_2tqAPzLj4NmFG5EwMyWcZ2O7erQVo6YiusFezkHIL9h4f19kgg7Z-j1yard3dgbgcGC5iGECNzCbiU9pd_0gAtstlOBMjFa5leC-0OdcxE/s16000/Photo%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 3: A control leaf and lightly torn leaf on a radiator.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">After 75 minutes, the leaves were weighed again. Now there was a clear difference among the treatments. While the control leaves had lost 7.5 % of their weight, the heavily torn leaves had lost 15 % of their weight. The lightly torn leaves were intermediate in weight loss.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8AzNiMZz3Gm6S2u_HcYBcZ4REZBvyU_yX8lFMTHNMaDUUGvw6bjJ5bKUaxHVA56dJCnZBnkRbCx9D1Na2QpelAmHbUKNKyZ5v1Y5B0iakCak5oLt9QZ_IsyCn0b9f1dOztKTkHSi4Jqwe-dop4EvbL-T63W1mXGhZHShaoECc6RQYyKIEZQw8e3MbMcU/s1663/Figure%201%20updated%20graph.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1003" data-original-width="1663" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8AzNiMZz3Gm6S2u_HcYBcZ4REZBvyU_yX8lFMTHNMaDUUGvw6bjJ5bKUaxHVA56dJCnZBnkRbCx9D1Na2QpelAmHbUKNKyZ5v1Y5B0iakCak5oLt9QZ_IsyCn0b9f1dOztKTkHSi4Jqwe-dop4EvbL-T63W1mXGhZHShaoECc6RQYyKIEZQw8e3MbMcU/s16000/Figure%201%20updated%20graph.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Figure 1: Results showing a greater loss of water in heavily damaged leaves in comparison with control leaves.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyw45wtlqXatCADMoOdCBLNWp3giTa0uBtywYV_PBH5VtPAjzhkR-jyBcPgLAZ14n2rtWb-dx2NHBxUi_jEHfTbD7v9cHH3VLXMkEXV92SQ3C-PfvNNpokQh2ymmwI77KHjq9xfzf0eQgWeU4565k15Gk34Pe7zTQ5rDRCHaR0RFsa0sVZOAoi3ZN8lu8/s3041/Figure%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2732" data-original-width="3041" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyw45wtlqXatCADMoOdCBLNWp3giTa0uBtywYV_PBH5VtPAjzhkR-jyBcPgLAZ14n2rtWb-dx2NHBxUi_jEHfTbD7v9cHH3VLXMkEXV92SQ3C-PfvNNpokQh2ymmwI77KHjq9xfzf0eQgWeU4565k15Gk34Pe7zTQ5rDRCHaR0RFsa0sVZOAoi3ZN8lu8/s16000/Figure%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 4. During the experiment, the results were written on the blackboard, so the students could see the progress.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Considering that this is the first time this experiment had been tried, it was surprising how clear the results were. Was it worthwhile? Could other experiments be developed for use during botanical lectures?</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-70214001933364942062023-11-27T06:46:00.000-08:002023-11-27T06:46:09.088-08:00Wildlife Health: Reaching a Wider Audience<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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</style><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“<span style="background: white;">Your success will be in proportion to your devotion to ideas.”</span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Correspondence</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Several weeks ago, we had a blog post about an article of ours describing the state of wildlife health in the U.S. using newly-digitized wildlife rehabilitation center data. This past week, two popular articles about this research were published: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p><h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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</style></h1><h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">In the <i>BU Brink</i>, an article appeared entitled:</span></span></h1><h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="https://www.bu.edu/articles/2023/new-study-identifies-greatest-threat-to-wildlife-across-north-america-canada/" target="_blank">“New Study Identifies Greatest Threat to Wildlife across North America & Canada.”</a></span></span></h1><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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These incredible birds are known for one of the longest migrations in the avian world.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14pt;">A second article written by Tara and me was published in the online magazine <i>The Conversation </i>entitled:</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <a href="https://theconversation.com/digitized-records-from-wildlife-centers-show-the-most-common-ways-that-humans-harm-wild-animals-214819" target="_blank">“</a></span><strong><span style="background: white; border: 1pt windowtext; color: #383838; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://theconversation.com/digitized-records-from-wildlife-centers-show-the-most-common-ways-that-humans-harm-wild-animals-214819" target="_blank">Digitized records from wildlife centers show the most common ways that humans harm wild animals.”</a></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><strong><br /></strong></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SEVqsMsvQws" width="320" youtube-src-id="SEVqsMsvQws"></iframe></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Video 1: A story about how the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Minnesota helps save animals.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">These articles appeared because we pitched story ideas to the publishers, wrote the article for <i>The </i><i>Conversation</i>, and wrote a press release for the <i>BU Brink</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">If you want to reach a wider audience with your research, you often have to reach out to the media and do a lot of the writing. But it’s worth the effort!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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</style>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-22649748244076989892023-11-20T07:08:00.000-08:002023-11-20T07:08:12.877-08:00Effects of Climate Change on Bird Migration in Concord<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Amanda Gallinat and Richard B. Primack<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">“I would thus from time to time take advice of the birds.”</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal.</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">From 1851 to 2007, dedicated birders in Concord, including Henry David Thoreau, Ludlow Griscom, William Brewster, and Rosita Corey recorded first-bird sightings—when bird species are first spotted returning in the spring. Analyzing this data revealed that while migratory birds arrive earlier in warmer years, their overall response to climate change is much weaker than that of plants and insects.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZkH83XF6D84xE_bZ-EfILxr6tRAnXcViPAmzK9wDk0wukc51clzin4z09JmEhFCuawsukE7kEwzgr7h0RNEci0Ytc510W_h04Vj7zE78XPqkXjYyytE0nFGim5b4_zBoSgm4I_xkRWQ7QXRxJkc_IEtEyVrjBjPQyWc7Bn25h_8wTQ740PxlOipT1p_A/s394/Picture%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="296" data-original-width="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZkH83XF6D84xE_bZ-EfILxr6tRAnXcViPAmzK9wDk0wukc51clzin4z09JmEhFCuawsukE7kEwzgr7h0RNEci0Ytc510W_h04Vj7zE78XPqkXjYyytE0nFGim5b4_zBoSgm4I_xkRWQ7QXRxJkc_IEtEyVrjBjPQyWc7Bn25h_8wTQ740PxlOipT1p_A/s16000/Picture%201.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1: Observers recording birds at Great Meadows Wildlife Sanctuary.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Recently we spoke to the Nuttall Ornithological Society about the statistical challenges of combining the past records made by a handful of individual observers with the Concord eBird data from 2013-2022 contributed by hundreds of local observers.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Do these eBird records reveal that birds are arriving earlier now? Or are birds arriving at the same time as in the past, but having more observers allows them to be detected sooner? </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">This is what our team is currently investigating. We hope to discover an answer.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAFs68DYFoOLG1hvom4NJv1skLhrORItgiOQ8A_P4djTm7TLrjyKBmuCs6ixhmf50hYDGk3qQxemWpOPxBc6fj80g4O5ndxLgzEcVuChjnvwZ0drJ958Amn5hr0XcQW7EhZqhVeGicK8goAysUv0THz0ObMjscclSK3T8O0ByG06vKh09FflOgv7M02z0/s305/Picture%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="230" data-original-width="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAFs68DYFoOLG1hvom4NJv1skLhrORItgiOQ8A_P4djTm7TLrjyKBmuCs6ixhmf50hYDGk3qQxemWpOPxBc6fj80g4O5ndxLgzEcVuChjnvwZ0drJ958Amn5hr0XcQW7EhZqhVeGicK8goAysUv0THz0ObMjscclSK3T8O0ByG06vKh09FflOgv7M02z0/s16000/Picture%202.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2: Richard and Amanda at the Nuttall meeting.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Thanks to the Nuttall Club for hosting us and asking lots of thoughtful questions! And thanks to team members Abe Miller-Rushing, Libby Ellwood, Trevor Lloyd-Evans, and Corey Callaghan. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-37498555787193685272023-11-15T06:56:00.000-08:002023-11-15T06:56:05.539-08:00Autumn River Trip<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“<span style="background: white;">The deep places in the river are not so obvious as the shallow ones and can only be found by carefully probing. So perhaps it is with human nature.”</span></span></i><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span class="xapple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The changing of leaf color was delayed this autumn due to warmer and more rainy than usual weather. Many leaves simply changed to brown and fell from the trees without first showing off their brilliant coloring. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">On the last Saturday in October, the weather was in the 70s. My son Dan and I went on a long kayaking trip on the Charles River to enjoy the autumn scenery. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzimDTniP0_joJw2OENzsV_eTjZRiINv8gUFHNJ5WCeuPEgB_7GR_E2woY7KdLfum-b4VYt-xn50QPqa1sYAg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Video 1.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">As we launched our kayaks, the leaves were tumbling out of the trees.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidsvZGoARQVz5XUJZrwLgaH24CznJdjxZGpuwO0pzetcaJS0F5DsgGMn8DghewqbLNy1YVM0lC7PDOiKDmS9p1ycrI6C814BAv2XOAEoWveXaJTbNXg6aZwvcWABf-SKocQdM-9boAzJ-s1JnlKgRi5wPVSsnBPfjfaihpLegsSZn7S_Wz6ZLGRQU_3yA/s4032/Charles%202.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidsvZGoARQVz5XUJZrwLgaH24CznJdjxZGpuwO0pzetcaJS0F5DsgGMn8DghewqbLNy1YVM0lC7PDOiKDmS9p1ycrI6C814BAv2XOAEoWveXaJTbNXg6aZwvcWABf-SKocQdM-9boAzJ-s1JnlKgRi5wPVSsnBPfjfaihpLegsSZn7S_Wz6ZLGRQU_3yA/s16000/Charles%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 1.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Many river trees still had their green leaves.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEWOxR7Zxvri3xy31meZOjWG3i0XK0QLNtY5P1_zzsEMJhJqSgsMS3tfz0wo5nis7RFGixGMi_TsRotpSy1L3v8btEyhfq5IDR9mMhwDybdm8KWh1A_QS7iC9DQnZCboJGHR9T_UWaD7koytrXOVf7N5YhnoEbFGwMArtKNHFRpi2CoN-La72-qg5MQAc/s4032/3%20Charles%20leaning%20trees.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEWOxR7Zxvri3xy31meZOjWG3i0XK0QLNtY5P1_zzsEMJhJqSgsMS3tfz0wo5nis7RFGixGMi_TsRotpSy1L3v8btEyhfq5IDR9mMhwDybdm8KWh1A_QS7iC9DQnZCboJGHR9T_UWaD7koytrXOVf7N5YhnoEbFGwMArtKNHFRpi2CoN-La72-qg5MQAc/s16000/3%20Charles%20leaning%20trees.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 2. Oak leaves had either fallen off or were persisting as dead brown leaves.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvTY_egFgf6I8PYui5lc80pGXVsX5BBEKFsqqafxLrZQ2Y8rw4EZcij5325_ucRaL6h_n9Icwtc7y4v-s7tbl5L25cyosl0YRJwyFW_LuGvlOsXAExP1FAf_5wA4lRGnYC20Vi112CRxOu2ne8wW0IXR2ZEBbOE82vWBX_6kd6Igs1PnILEe8cTLTrcWA/s4032/4%20Charles%20reeds.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvTY_egFgf6I8PYui5lc80pGXVsX5BBEKFsqqafxLrZQ2Y8rw4EZcij5325_ucRaL6h_n9Icwtc7y4v-s7tbl5L25cyosl0YRJwyFW_LuGvlOsXAExP1FAf_5wA4lRGnYC20Vi112CRxOu2ne8wW0IXR2ZEBbOE82vWBX_6kd6Igs1PnILEe8cTLTrcWA/s16000/4%20Charles%20reeds.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 3. Shadows on the reeds cast a dark band across the river edge.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLdIQGiDc4PMyGpfvvHw6JvX895TbBtFNLfe_cRotF2fngEL9wJ5-iu9My4XEdOTNg5l2l0T7v_VvJ7mFS8TJl8wNvCc8FAkMZbSOIa_Vl8w7HKTUG2IrspP0LlcJ4Vg3QnRhGUNQFCMwQxkV1WyIMFCEfzO1Da_2YMSWbI_E9q8mRIwFkKzFbZ3fNARM/s4032/5%20Charles%20mallow.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLdIQGiDc4PMyGpfvvHw6JvX895TbBtFNLfe_cRotF2fngEL9wJ5-iu9My4XEdOTNg5l2l0T7v_VvJ7mFS8TJl8wNvCc8FAkMZbSOIa_Vl8w7HKTUG2IrspP0LlcJ4Vg3QnRhGUNQFCMwQxkV1WyIMFCEfzO1Da_2YMSWbI_E9q8mRIwFkKzFbZ3fNARM/s16000/5%20Charles%20mallow.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 4.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Dead branches of rose mallow topped with capsules emerged from the river margin.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3og6C-uFcFKONjD7JXsAm6TTDIO2e2nRXF35Vxrn_5Py7VfdhdLrlSnndSbMklGGhKkSgCafKdzTq49o_pi8l-7wlan8dvQqUYtjGsnKUTUteI1WUqQLRvwzSW7ujFocMMgTZ_z71P10DQLsZHcB5wMzm4jogIXb7MdbEpB396KlRg2ye4EnaT_BeGaM/s4032/6%20Charles%20beaver.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3og6C-uFcFKONjD7JXsAm6TTDIO2e2nRXF35Vxrn_5Py7VfdhdLrlSnndSbMklGGhKkSgCafKdzTq49o_pi8l-7wlan8dvQqUYtjGsnKUTUteI1WUqQLRvwzSW7ujFocMMgTZ_z71P10DQLsZHcB5wMzm4jogIXb7MdbEpB396KlRg2ye4EnaT_BeGaM/s16000/6%20Charles%20beaver.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo 5.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Beavers left this tree still standing; perhaps they will return the next day to finish their job. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-90448147219642322542023-11-08T11:32:00.002-08:002023-11-08T19:49:25.590-08:00Open Access Publishing Expands the Reach of Knowledge in Africa<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Books are the treasured wealth of the world and the fit inheritance of generations and nations.”</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in <i>Walden</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Open Access publishing is the best way to make books available to a wide audience across Africa. Students can download our Open Access book, <i>Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa</i>, for free on a wide variety of devices. Over the last 4 years, this book has been downloaded over 45,000 times and is being widely used for teaching across the region. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">At the August 2023 International Conference on Conservation Biology (ICCB) in Rwanda, Eric Nana, John Wilson (also known as Johnny Birder) and I told hundreds of people about the upcoming second edition and a new French edition. People were enthusiastic about gaining access to such a valuable book without having to pay. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqSyOKLkZuS1E8rajeobH2pnnk1J353bMfi0mLgBT64VdlpqFcbI1J8Y4xRepV8vAmgG9MhEqD-PppwrICI_Xd8YUjqTqd9AHUY3X_4wWzd606d6XFMt8gqRWReroLfZEV8TrGWVQMAytQuOzlA3vvhh2TRzh4y8CJ7ATiWHtXtKaB9zKPhUuzPiqqCoc/s4032/ICCB%204%20book.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqSyOKLkZuS1E8rajeobH2pnnk1J353bMfi0mLgBT64VdlpqFcbI1J8Y4xRepV8vAmgG9MhEqD-PppwrICI_Xd8YUjqTqd9AHUY3X_4wWzd606d6XFMt8gqRWReroLfZEV8TrGWVQMAytQuOzlA3vvhh2TRzh4y8CJ7ATiWHtXtKaB9zKPhUuzPiqqCoc/s16000/ICCB%204%20book.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px;">Photo: Richard Primack, Eric Nana, and John Wilson (Johnny Birder) at the ICCB conference.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">We published our Open Access book with Open Book Publishers. Here is link to an interview that we recently did discussing the advantages of Open Access publishing to reach a wider audience: </span><b style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Z8BZYS8X7M" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2228; font-size: 14pt;">And here is a link to an article that we wrote about these advantages: </span><b style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://blogs.openbookpublishers.com/publishing-an-open-access-textbook-conservation-biology-in-sub-saharan-africa/" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-22381423513413247282023-10-30T08:17:00.000-07:002023-10-30T08:17:23.478-07:00 Wildlife Health on X<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;">“It is well to find your employment and amusement in simple and homely things. These wear best and yield the most.”</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;">Boston University sent out a graphic tweet on X letting the public know about our recent article on using newly-digitized records to evaluate large-scale patterns of wildlife health. It is striking how years of work presented in a lengthy article can be condensed down to a few sentences.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLOrFRBODTjaqLoT5OcnEbG4scLXPHo3YtqY8OzvrSiijolE79OD63rjrSKZK0xnyBtNFLFk_wMbZL-JPtLV9DwA4inpojFPTWEJYtdDsc1hdAEI1DmqukR_pnRAiBDYWPwI5LfOB4pMW-ZM80sFMdOamua1DYitMRAxZXADd3mjteh7ij-Je67MbaMqw/s1199/Miller%20WildlifeX%20post%201_Page_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1109" data-original-width="1199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLOrFRBODTjaqLoT5OcnEbG4scLXPHo3YtqY8OzvrSiijolE79OD63rjrSKZK0xnyBtNFLFk_wMbZL-JPtLV9DwA4inpojFPTWEJYtdDsc1hdAEI1DmqukR_pnRAiBDYWPwI5LfOB4pMW-ZM80sFMdOamua1DYitMRAxZXADd3mjteh7ij-Je67MbaMqw/s16000/Miller%20WildlifeX%20post%201_Page_1.jpg" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj2wV7xx_ypUOQsc0ACwokjQqB-efrL55gbE6Y91b2JB4ivLqN-4lzuwur3kZRrGVNiHlFso9fOidpwRhrYYN9z1w0_HuVrAGhyphenhyphenv6JkSb9X0-tG2BYN1-pUSeHSypxHTlCH3_3sL_GnwySV2iEskBvFSBXAfjmKxxZrMPzEC8p-z55C7451JY6FE71KGM/s1205/Miller%20WildlifeX%20post%201_Page_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="995" data-original-width="1205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj2wV7xx_ypUOQsc0ACwokjQqB-efrL55gbE6Y91b2JB4ivLqN-4lzuwur3kZRrGVNiHlFso9fOidpwRhrYYN9z1w0_HuVrAGhyphenhyphenv6JkSb9X0-tG2BYN1-pUSeHSypxHTlCH3_3sL_GnwySV2iEskBvFSBXAfjmKxxZrMPzEC8p-z55C7451JY6FE71KGM/s16000/Miller%20WildlifeX%20post%201_Page_2.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi25FOG0x_yn0Pl0n2cMduj-8wV7cla6K0rGallGrVaRvBeLrv0osiRB__qROHsmatDweUW_I4rh1lbis5B1iM77yGqAyUugkWi-lfHy21cf62kMFRxw0sKq4m78auWCYLyWLfNYW5mshWR_l05Y26g7VZeoZeYV6PjZtdQmqiO6FRBFWuUHfpt-J-BKwo/s1201/Miller%20WildlifeX%20post%201_Page_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="993" data-original-width="1201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi25FOG0x_yn0Pl0n2cMduj-8wV7cla6K0rGallGrVaRvBeLrv0osiRB__qROHsmatDweUW_I4rh1lbis5B1iM77yGqAyUugkWi-lfHy21cf62kMFRxw0sKq4m78auWCYLyWLfNYW5mshWR_l05Y26g7VZeoZeYV6PjZtdQmqiO6FRBFWuUHfpt-J-BKwo/s16000/Miller%20WildlifeX%20post%201_Page_3.jpg" /></a></div><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;">Here is a link to the X post: <span style="color: #0b5394;"><b><a href="https://twitter.com/BUexperts/status/1713932833474170972" target="_blank">LINK</a></b></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693334px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.973333px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br /></span></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-82322385138496190722023-10-24T12:06:00.003-07:002023-10-24T12:06:41.404-07:00Brookline Bird Club Looks to the Sky<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack and Isabel Garon</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><i>"How can you expect the birds to sing when their groves are cut down?" </i>Henry David Thoreau in <i>Walden</i>.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">If you live anywhere in Massachusetts and want to learn about birds, the Brookline Bird Club (BBC) is the place to go. The BBC hosts a rich program of bird-related activities, including birding field trips in the Boston area and throughout New England, lectures on birding in exotic locations, workshops on bird identification, and presentations about gardening to attract birds.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3iTuhy9Ba_9eRtc8qkUR9dSSCiiLHu2OkLQbBHu_3r7C67s6Zwj_YHliNfm87D2NZ1h11poVS9_2es4dCHC12hCUIYthSnuc8WP10urtvFaZNWk59oEyeHldYgOE1cqmX5o4WsgAvWKFZgkB2xhDzuLzKAFf-LT8R8Rfsio8nLnTjIJEoBWC3XoiCSE/s1920/05-16-21_X1_8506.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK3iTuhy9Ba_9eRtc8qkUR9dSSCiiLHu2OkLQbBHu_3r7C67s6Zwj_YHliNfm87D2NZ1h11poVS9_2es4dCHC12hCUIYthSnuc8WP10urtvFaZNWk59oEyeHldYgOE1cqmX5o4WsgAvWKFZgkB2xhDzuLzKAFf-LT8R8Rfsio8nLnTjIJEoBWC3XoiCSE/s16000/05-16-21_X1_8506.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;">Photo: Blue-winged Warbler calling. Photo courtesy of Christopher Ciccone.</span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.666666px; text-align: left;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The BBC accepts members from anywhere in the region. Young people are especially encouraged to join, with some having gone on to professional careers related to birds and conservation. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">As club member Neil Calabro emphasizes, “The BBC is important in getting the next generation of birders going, which is important for conservation and generally keeping people connected to nature.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The BBC maintains an active </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://www.brooklinebirdclub.org/" style="color: #954f72;">website</a></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> where you can learn about field trips and other club activities, sign up for membership, and view many photographs of birds taken by club members.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">See a longer version of the article in the <a href="https://brookline.news/brookline-bird-club-looks-to-the-sky/" style="color: #954f72;">Brookline News</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-25927387852453830302023-10-16T06:56:00.003-07:002023-10-16T13:12:03.148-07:00Bumblebees Sleep Out<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“<span style="background: white;">May I go to my slumbers as expecting to arise to a new & more perfect day</span></span></i><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt;">.”</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">From mid-September into October, bumblebees sleep overnight on the flower heads of our New England aster plants. In the morning, the bees are often damp from dew and remain motionless until warmed by the sun. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIIHLnXdVbJWXdc1_nyEazxCF7Ip_fSSecUOz7xXr4TNNuTTrjtB72wRZVFGj5phS9mB7wXuEZGkgCIcYwWF9yFEIrdsZbO6Ht3x_6FPcqv7jVLhw2pCP2T7aULcS6a3qJSiU9ImkdaLX8lB1aPBqAdoYC4vsYDp6HFPzaNBYxZ2iSMFwP-SReQEpR6YI/s1080/Photo%201.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1080" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIIHLnXdVbJWXdc1_nyEazxCF7Ip_fSSecUOz7xXr4TNNuTTrjtB72wRZVFGj5phS9mB7wXuEZGkgCIcYwWF9yFEIrdsZbO6Ht3x_6FPcqv7jVLhw2pCP2T7aULcS6a3qJSiU9ImkdaLX8lB1aPBqAdoYC4vsYDp6HFPzaNBYxZ2iSMFwP-SReQEpR6YI/s16000/Photo%201.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Photo 1: Many bumblebees sleep overnight on aster flowers.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">If the day is cold and rainy, bees may stay all day on the flowers without moving. These bees are likely males that have permanently left their nest, and possibly female workers too cold to return home. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNR4QVL0o8jbervos-oZH2lBgotPQAsUC5R2jUDqZp-NGqQ4_KBjJc_Vbu0qoko8AXuc5-XU2P-RX71mhKKdE1CcSp_owui8qnq_DswgATlwC8sRNhvMmfEFal3HaeaxmqISe0UKblzpivihgjA4vku2XvSYA7DsnZrhQf3gXHuiH_ASBLNaP0FwrPkkw/s1080/Photo%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="810" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNR4QVL0o8jbervos-oZH2lBgotPQAsUC5R2jUDqZp-NGqQ4_KBjJc_Vbu0qoko8AXuc5-XU2P-RX71mhKKdE1CcSp_owui8qnq_DswgATlwC8sRNhvMmfEFal3HaeaxmqISe0UKblzpivihgjA4vku2XvSYA7DsnZrhQf3gXHuiH_ASBLNaP0FwrPkkw/s16000/Photo%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Photo 2:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">In the morning, bees are motionless and damp.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">When the sun comes out and the air gets warmer, bees return to their activity, energetically flying from flower to flower until the sun sets and the air becomes cold again. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dz0dXrDv9DtZvt_oI8E0-ohiDwyCoQVJwILWXCqeelMAhMXHroKjpGhIxRSlQy0Pw7nqQjrDxu1pmptKbMutA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Video: When the sun comes out, bees resume their speedy foraging activities.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-87775332870452171612023-10-09T06:57:00.001-07:002023-10-09T06:57:25.221-07:00Newly Digitized Records Reveal Common Threats to Wildlife <p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“I hear an owl hoot. How glad I am to hear him rather than the most eloquent man of the age.”</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Journal.</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">A new study of 674,320 recently digitized records from 94 wildlife rehabilitation (rehab) centers in the U.S. and Canada revealed that most wildlife injury and sickness cases were caused by human activities such as vehicle accidents, fishing-related incidents, and window or building collisions. Further, some extreme weather events linked to climate change, such as storms and floods, were followed by higher rates of admittance to wildlife rehab centers. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsTtEQ6csIL81P8AA02E6DzLoSZUNPEzs2sAiXWdvyhjsxmCTy8a87FPKo_L_TlFyFAoEnJYO33Eb8wiZHpTMp4G1J-WkQOY7JIGLJXiLSNV364QCvFmqarkakyFvBLRS_umxPcXFVGLrnDg9rMqpMFWGhoNIw-_cGaawfZN8hSfAW-uQ6QC7KpdeuDV0/s930/Figure%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="930" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsTtEQ6csIL81P8AA02E6DzLoSZUNPEzs2sAiXWdvyhjsxmCTy8a87FPKo_L_TlFyFAoEnJYO33Eb8wiZHpTMp4G1J-WkQOY7JIGLJXiLSNV364QCvFmqarkakyFvBLRS_umxPcXFVGLrnDg9rMqpMFWGhoNIw-_cGaawfZN8hSfAW-uQ6QC7KpdeuDV0/s16000/Figure%201.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Figure 1. Map of locations in the U.S. and Canada where study animals were found (blue dots) before being brought to wildlife rehab centers (red dots) (© Miller et al. 2023,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Biological Conservation</i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">).</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">This study is the first to use digitized rehab records to form a comprehensive picture of the threats impacting over 1,000 animal species. Until recently, most wildlife rehab records existed only on paper forms, which made them inaccessible to researchers.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">The study identified wildlife threats by region and for iconic and endangered species. For example, vehicle collisions were the most common cause of admission for Great horned owls; Bald eagles were most-commonly detected with lead poisoning. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgydQYuPQiQBTtKwfbCckcHq1Hg1WLyABdVd6zbipqKUSfT0F8F8Bc5DC_vYRDXmyY2_ntKMS6ZwSSZ6tKZdCdJ4HpJXbgTxBRSd7UyydmktEY0eJgKysuAHFD17eQeSq_LLpLmtJb9L2JPK50eEoCBaGcKQYAwQXx2SPG05X07V8il4PvJgwK5KEUJqmM/s1430/Photo%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1078" data-original-width="1430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgydQYuPQiQBTtKwfbCckcHq1Hg1WLyABdVd6zbipqKUSfT0F8F8Bc5DC_vYRDXmyY2_ntKMS6ZwSSZ6tKZdCdJ4HpJXbgTxBRSd7UyydmktEY0eJgKysuAHFD17eQeSq_LLpLmtJb9L2JPK50eEoCBaGcKQYAwQXx2SPG05X07V8il4PvJgwK5KEUJqmM/s16000/Photo%201.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Photo 1. Great horned owls, like this patient at the Wildlife Center of Virginia, are frequently affected by vehicle collisions and other human disturbances (© Wildlife Center of Virginia).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">On average, only about one-third of animals brought into rehab centers are eventually released back into the wild, though this number varies greatly among species (e.g., 68% of Brown pelicans are released, but only 20% of Bald eagles).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Policy changes that can help protect wildlife from threats <span style="color: #1f1f1f;">include building additional wildlife road crossings; improving regulations relating to fishing, hunting, and pesticide use; and incorporating wildlife into local disaster management plans.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Full article can be found at: </span><b><span lang="EN" style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320723003968" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.866667px; margin: 0in;"><b><br /></b></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-43416995543635990222023-10-02T07:05:00.003-07:002023-10-02T08:08:02.011-07:00Primack Lab in the News: Autumn 2023<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;"><i>“What do we have to do with petty rumbling news? We have our own great affairs.” </i>Henry David Thoreau in his <i>Correspondence.<o:p></o:p></i></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;">Three recent news articles highlighted our research:<o:p></o:p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><b><i><a href="https://budburst.org/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Budburst</span></a></i></b>, a national citizen science project, featured our research program in their September 2023 newsletter. The article (reproduced below) highlighted our innovative use of Henry David Thoreau’s phenology records combined with modern observations to demonstrate the ecological effects of climate change. <o:p></o:p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Meet Dr. Richard Primack, Professor of plant ecology at Boston University.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Dr. Primack’s work combines historical records, like those of the famous writer Henry David Thoreau during the 1850s, with more recent observations of phenology to detect the fingerprints of climate change on plants and birds. He also loves to explore new ways to study phenology, like by using museum specimens, photographs, old diaries, and branch clippings.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Much of Dr. Primack’s research takes place in Concord, Massachusetts, where his team is building on the phenological observations of hundreds of bird and plant species made by Thoreau, other local naturalists, and citizen scientists over the past 170 years. He and his team also study phenology at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University in Boston, a botanical garden with hundreds of species of trees from around the world growing in one place. Dr. Primack collaborates with colleagues in Japan, South Korea, China, Japan, and Denmark, countries that have long traditions of recording phenology.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Dr. Primack’s research has revealed that climate change is likely disrupting ecological relationships between birds and plants, and between forest trees and the wildflowers that grow on the forest floor. Forest trees, for example, are leafing out earlier relative to wildflowers in the northeastern US, shading forest floors earlier in the spring and leaving wildflowers with less sunlight to help them grow. In addition, the spring arrival times of birds is changing more slowly in response to climate change than the phenology of plants, with likely negative consequences for birds.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOeQSEDopnQFwfm7PkEMkk7U_xhvd8HPgSlL_1jD2O2UT5PsHat-ACqdxBVKRK4Mus2yaFEq43RJrNrudLd_EGRyT-hMw-15kAYEb809SZg2Byl_ZPnNMSslmX8X6u8wsHrVS3hVgd8Q8OFdprIio17jUnXcOUSOhQFGzxstZ7SkQRnkvBFrfOtlhOO4E/s2112/IMG_9372.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1696" data-original-width="2112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOeQSEDopnQFwfm7PkEMkk7U_xhvd8HPgSlL_1jD2O2UT5PsHat-ACqdxBVKRK4Mus2yaFEq43RJrNrudLd_EGRyT-hMw-15kAYEb809SZg2Byl_ZPnNMSslmX8X6u8wsHrVS3hVgd8Q8OFdprIio17jUnXcOUSOhQFGzxstZ7SkQRnkvBFrfOtlhOO4E/s16000/IMG_9372.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Photo 1: Richard Primack monitoring fall phenology.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><b><i>BU Today</i></b> had a short article on our research on pollinators and pollinator gardens in Newton being carried out by undergrads Selby Vaughn and Katia Landauer. One major finding was that there were always mixtures of honeybees, native bees, and other insects on common native and cultivated plants, suggesting that honeybees and native bees can coexist in a suburban landscape. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">See the article here: <b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.bu.edu/articles/2023/bu-creates-a-new-pollinator-garden/?utm_campaign=bu_today&utm_source=email_20230921_full&utm_medium=1_featured_story&utm_content=university" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpjZq3IbYDzdjgepSs0rEe1Z-bl7nR3YA0IwxtM_FNcqSHD4UTyXnnnllxVFXw4bwuz5T4Mb12ecuXbhaaRwUHsk2kMUjJITsa6Qq42aufOBv4RtMvx4YtDC335VNLeO9Xl_by_K__XdLCnQDvKJfZKA4h_qbP2YG7vuVwHUfy7sDHD5L5irUMbvOv8pk/s1780/Primack-UROP-3-Pollinator.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1335" data-original-width="1780" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpjZq3IbYDzdjgepSs0rEe1Z-bl7nR3YA0IwxtM_FNcqSHD4UTyXnnnllxVFXw4bwuz5T4Mb12ecuXbhaaRwUHsk2kMUjJITsa6Qq42aufOBv4RtMvx4YtDC335VNLeO9Xl_by_K__XdLCnQDvKJfZKA4h_qbP2YG7vuVwHUfy7sDHD5L5irUMbvOv8pk/s16000/Primack-UROP-3-Pollinator.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Photo 2: Richard Primack and Selby Vaughn monitoring a pollinator garden.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b><i>The Boston Globe</i></b> interviewed Richard for an article on the effects of the current warm and wet autumn on the fall foliage colors expected for New England. One prediction is that the fall foliage season will be somewhat later than usual, but the colors should be vibrant. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">See the article here: <b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/08/23/science/fall-foliage-experts-predict-brighter-more-concentrated-colors-this-season-thanks-part-deluge-rain/" target="_blank">LINK</a></span></b> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiShwh8jzb_rwIfS-lKuzxmzJD-krCEvb36OfYJoC56It8_bFbA2dg_ASVybKRGRGk4tzcyN-FWhJcldHbnM9LQJXoOFCKxp73i4DG1QeWbch32zc2hUrvudo211s-3PtaYnRwVUoI3xGZYSu35enrqqa-0sCWONBNQjZsQphaX24gXJYuqkJexrJGg0s/s3648/Red%20maples%20at%20Walden%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2736" data-original-width="3648" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiShwh8jzb_rwIfS-lKuzxmzJD-krCEvb36OfYJoC56It8_bFbA2dg_ASVybKRGRGk4tzcyN-FWhJcldHbnM9LQJXoOFCKxp73i4DG1QeWbch32zc2hUrvudo211s-3PtaYnRwVUoI3xGZYSu35enrqqa-0sCWONBNQjZsQphaX24gXJYuqkJexrJGg0s/s16000/Red%20maples%20at%20Walden%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Photo 3: New England is known for its beautiful fall foliage.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"> <o:p></o:p></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6341242796617518231.post-61633786299398172282023-09-22T12:16:00.002-07:002023-09-25T07:05:09.354-07:00Giant Lid Restoration in Seattle<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">By Richard B. Primack</span></p><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; text-align: center;"><i>“Who knows what sort of life would result if we attained purity.”</i> Henry David Thoreau in <i>Walden.</i><b><o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">For decades, I-90, one of the biggest interstate highways in the USA, cut across Mercer Island, an isolated community of metropolitan Seattle., This created noise and air pollution, and divided the island in two. To remedy this problem, in 1992 the federal government built a half-mile long “lid” over the highway, which was then restored as the Aubrey Davis Park.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzlxn7PEwRwC39S0iIP0lRcree7Qye05bFm1nkAID584JJPtxjz_1WVNsFjyv-6zCwks9ZajbXEQR20HSBMUw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Video: Vehicles entering the section of highway covered by the lid.</span></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">The park gives the impression of a deciduous forest to which playing fields, playgrounds, and wooded pathways have been added.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyEN_w3y-2wIGXZvsj0bUIPsQfAKYTE2HaMa9IvEL7VVjFlz1RJwR0BU3c1sweC7z70v1YLj4rQVgwRmDl_J_btiKOVvKRauCD3dNxJUbahpC9Io_AX8XstXHq1E4MMHVZwuE_RhYrkoPTYadouBIlkIgModv0QGP0Siq7YooR2rRp56dsNUXKQuvrYW8/s4032/MI%201%20field.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyEN_w3y-2wIGXZvsj0bUIPsQfAKYTE2HaMa9IvEL7VVjFlz1RJwR0BU3c1sweC7z70v1YLj4rQVgwRmDl_J_btiKOVvKRauCD3dNxJUbahpC9Io_AX8XstXHq1E4MMHVZwuE_RhYrkoPTYadouBIlkIgModv0QGP0Siq7YooR2rRp56dsNUXKQuvrYW8/s16000/MI%201%20field.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="text-align: left;">Photo 1.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">Playing fields are a major use of space in the park.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <o:p></o:p></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbaEywWljUEy52qQn6vrTVT-SO-8mtOnG9IpvTaNsqa2ZRf29avxwCwAAnPv_qecTp6mwLOIM3hiRpfDXq3Kdp9FzDHR4Y5S3ZxXZNpCtSD3CqYBWZ_6JbxnmhRGw_5uyB3dv0MMjaS9Xyhq6-v8wcrR-nuNQUFkuCaf5GW6kvnJdN70qe-l_iVQSU7I/s4032/MI%20Path%202.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbaEywWljUEy52qQn6vrTVT-SO-8mtOnG9IpvTaNsqa2ZRf29avxwCwAAnPv_qecTp6mwLOIM3hiRpfDXq3Kdp9FzDHR4Y5S3ZxXZNpCtSD3CqYBWZ_6JbxnmhRGw_5uyB3dv0MMjaS9Xyhq6-v8wcrR-nuNQUFkuCaf5GW6kvnJdN70qe-l_iVQSU7I/s16000/MI%20Path%202.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Photo 2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Tree-lined paths run along the length of the park and border the playing fields.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">The one indicator of the highway below is a cluster of tall venting chimneys. Otherwise, while walking through the park, there is no sight, sound or smell of the busy highway.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE7HuvkhG1DvVIAaXemldUpIfvF_9YhDPGr0LORsHfKyaKIzu8LNuuwJ0ijSM0pfnvjdhzadw2ieV4XBGb1Mh-SFgsMle413CqQFAtmf4cUByNmPKCwZNdnEH0EGQxEQUSWCsMJEVSKOfH8aSCxgEEBdbczbR4OvC06YtoG_UOff-6RR9fstCq_aJEDu8/s4032/MI%203%20Chimneys.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE7HuvkhG1DvVIAaXemldUpIfvF_9YhDPGr0LORsHfKyaKIzu8LNuuwJ0ijSM0pfnvjdhzadw2ieV4XBGb1Mh-SFgsMle413CqQFAtmf4cUByNmPKCwZNdnEH0EGQxEQUSWCsMJEVSKOfH8aSCxgEEBdbczbR4OvC06YtoG_UOff-6RR9fstCq_aJEDu8/s16000/MI%203%20Chimneys.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="text-align: left;">Photo 3.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">A cluster of vents is the only indication of the highway below.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">While these forest areas look natural, they have a very different appearance than the small patches of protected forest scattered around the island. The goal of the restoration was to provide a public amenity rather than restore the original habitat.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiRgIydmxaLwNA0Vp7k91wBixnuxIT8aNLhfr3I6ydzITNODW6QgIXvTHww5Tqlk3xXkvjg1PF4raZcUfpUrUqtmo44GsQrzkXZyfitcxXcWq2gOf4KTUIlPRgHlAlItdYjA4IsvWAbiGzN2CWzByzrD1LeqnGRMegKOgcx_hHoR50lNhS_HjNxB1Zm18/s4032/Mi%204%20Natural%20forest.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiRgIydmxaLwNA0Vp7k91wBixnuxIT8aNLhfr3I6ydzITNODW6QgIXvTHww5Tqlk3xXkvjg1PF4raZcUfpUrUqtmo44GsQrzkXZyfitcxXcWq2gOf4KTUIlPRgHlAlItdYjA4IsvWAbiGzN2CWzByzrD1LeqnGRMegKOgcx_hHoR50lNhS_HjNxB1Zm18/s16000/Mi%204%20Natural%20forest.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">Photo 4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-align: left;">A nearby patch of protected forest has a very different appearance and species composition than the restored park forest.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>Kris Cafarohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08784673862958433480noreply@blogger.com0